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China’s Corporate Crackdown Adds to Junk-Bond DistressGovernment campaign to reduce debt in sectors such as real estate has put many developers in tight spot, sending high-yield bond prices tumblingThe latest Chinese market to buckle under pressure from Beijing’s wide-ranging corporate crackdown: junk bonds.Companies from China make up the bulk of Asia’s roughly $300 billion high-yield dollar bond market, thanks to a surge in borrowing by the country’s heavily indebted property developers. But the investor optimism that drove that borrowing has collapsed.Stress has been building following a string of debt defaults and growing concern about a few large issuers, including property giant China Evergrande Group . Sharp price declines in its bonds and those of a few other large Chinese companies, plus concerns about tighter regulation aimed at reining in speculation and soaring housing prices, have pushed the market over the edge.“There’s a confidence crisis in Chinese high-yield debt,” said Paul Lukaszewski, head of corporate debt for the Asia Pacific region at Aberdeen Standard Investments in Singapore.The average yield of non-investment-grade U.S. dollar bonds from companies in China topped 14% in late July and early August, around 10 percentage points above the average yield of junk bonds issued by American companies, according to ICE BofA Indices.(...)
US Birth-to-Death Ratio Nearing OneThe ratio between births and deaths in the US has crashed to barely ‘1’ as of 2020, a level the signifies that population growth ex-immigration is nearing zero, as the following chart from Wall Street Journal via Richard Bernstein highlights.The recent drop to slightly more the ‘1’ in the chart above is in part due to an uptick in overall mortality due to Covid, but the trend has been in place for years.Compounding America’s demographic woes, the US working age population, the number of people between 15 and 65 years old, is now shrinking outright.One can debate the pros and cons of population growth, but in a country drowning in debt and unfunded liabilities, most of which go towards retirees, a shrinking population, and particularly a shrinking working age population, is the kiss of economic death.
Una de !. Teeengo ladrillo cocido, ladrillo en barra y ladrillo de arena y cal, ladrillo macizo, cocido termo y de arena cáñamo y cal...https://www.eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/11359544/08/21/El-Gobierno-apuesta-por-la-rehabilitacion-de-edificios-para-impulsar-la-recuperacion-economica.html
ECB's Lagarde not attending Jackson Hole conference of central bankersAug 15 (Reuters) - European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde will not be attending the high-profile annual Jackson Hole conference of central bankers in late August, an ECB spokesperson said.The Sunday Telegraph reported earlier that Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey would also not be attending.The newspaper cited a BoE spokesperson as saying that organisers were “focusing on a domestic invite list due to limited capacity”.Speculation is mounting that Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell could signal it is ready to start easing monetary support in a speech to be delivered at the annual Jackson Hole conference of central bankers.The Kansas City Fed, which organises the conference held in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, has said previously that it will host “a modified, in-person programme” this year after last year holding the conference online amid the coronavirus outbreak.
Spain bets big on plan for energy-efficient buildings using EU fundsCritics say renovation programme repeats country’s focus on construction sector to revive economyWorkmen have spent the past few days dangling from the roof of a residential building in northern Madrid, putting in photovoltaic panels so that it can generate its own electricity.A tidal wave of EU money is about to make such activities a much more common sight.The Spanish government is betting big on modernising existing buildings to make them more energy efficient, shifting away from the country’s tradition of newbuilds. It is an ambition to which Spain’s leftwing government is devoting almost a tenth of the €70bn in grants it expects to get from the bloc’s emergency coronavirus recovery fund — despite criticism about ploughing money into the construction sector.“Government aid always carries a risk; it’s like doping the economy,” said Rodrigo Morell, a partner at Creara, the company carrying out the modernisation works in northern Madrid. “But if you want to generate change very quickly, you don’t have much choice.”As the biggest ticket item in Spain’s recovery plan, the energy efficiency programme will prove a crucial test of whether the country will take advantage of the windfall of EU funds to transform its economy — or instead repeat the errors of the past. The programme — budgeted at €6.8bn over the next three years — will subsidise works such as providing better insulation, photovoltaic panels and heat pumps in private residences, while also renovating government buildings and constructing new social housing.The government says it is a vital step towards the EU’s 2030 goals of cracking down on carbon emissions — more than a fifth of which in Spain come from people’s homes — and will also generate jobs and skills in the country’s coronavirus-hit economy.“This will become one of the main levers for economic reactivation,” Teresa Ribera, Spain’s deputy prime minister for the environment, said in an interview. “It’s important not just for its environmental but its social and economic impact: the big housing developments of the 1960s and the 1970s are not up to standard in terms of efficiency and materials used,” she added, arguing the programme would help reduce families’ energy bills.But critics say the plan is a symptom of an old, bad habit — the Spanish economy’s dependence on construction as a motor of growth, rather than more productive investments.Before the financial crisis the sector was the not-so-secret sauce of the economy, contributing heavily to bank and corporate profits, and tax revenues. In 2004, the country built more homes than France, Germany and Italy combined. But after the crash, Spain was left with billions of euros in bad loans, half built complexes, and tens of thousands of workers with unusable construction skills.Luis Garicano, an MEP for the liberal Ciudadanos party, worries that the plan is too big and that by focusing on the building sector it risks creating a jobs, skills and economic bubble. “My fear is that we have a huge bottleneck in these specific construction skills that have to do with the rehabilitation of buildings,” he said. “We will train a lot of people in skills that will become obsolete by the time they finish training.”Eduardo Brunet, chief executive of Greenward Partners, a company that aims to channel €500m of investment over the next five years into making buildings more energy efficient, adds that tax incentives and a clearer regulatory framework would be more effective than the subsidies.“Basically they are putting €6.8bn in a status quo that is clearly not working,” he said. “We have to think in a different way if we want to achieve different objectives.”But the government argues that the next two or three years are intended to detonate a process of change and renovation that will ultimately take much longer.“This is a first shot, but a powerful one, with EU resources that allow us to accelerate a project that was already in hand,” Ribera said. “It is certainly not something that will end in 2023 or 2024.”Joan Groizard, head of Spain’s state energy diversification institute, which has been closely involved in the plans, argues that the need for the programme is overwhelming. Spain badly lags other EU states in renovation rates, even though more than 80 per cent of its building stock heavily consumes energy, with an energy classification of E or worse.“The motor of the economy can no longer be the construction of new buildings,” he said. “This is about almost creating a new economic sector, converting the construction sector into one focused on the rehabilitation of buildings . . . If we look at 2050 [when the EU wants to reach net zero emissions] the majority of the buildings then will be ones that already exist now.”The investment needs are vast. The government estimates a total of €40bn will be needed to modernise Spain’s buildings in the run-up to 2030. Groizard argues the new subsidies will provide people with incentives to carry out insulation or other work, in the knowledge that such improvements may later become obligatory. He and Ribera hope banks and energy companies will also step up to help finance the modernisation — and that advisory one-stop shops will help people carry out the improvements. “Things have to be easy and there needs to be an economic motivation to activate the change in mentality for millions of property owners,” said Ribera. “But a country that invented a system of mortgages that facilitated the construction boom should be able to do something similar to facilitate all this process of rehabilitation.”
https://www-ft-com.proxy.choate.edu/content/677e6d7f-14e9-47d8-bd08-448713286487CitarSpain bets big on plan for energy-efficient buildings using EU fundsCritics say renovation programme repeats country’s focus on construction sector to revive economy
Spain bets big on plan for energy-efficient buildings using EU fundsCritics say renovation programme repeats country’s focus on construction sector to revive economy
https://www-ft-com.proxy.choate.edu/content/677e6d7f-14e9-47d8-bd08-448713286487As the biggest ticket item in Spain’s recovery plan, the energy efficiency programme will prove a crucial test of whether the country will take advantage of the windfall of EU funds to transform its economy — or instead repeat the errors of the past. He and Ribera hope banks and energy companies will also step up to help finance the modernisation — and that advisory one-stop shops will help people carry out the improvements. “Things have to be easy and there needs to be an economic motivation to activate the change in mentality for millions of property owners,” said Ribera. “But a country that invented a system of mortgages that facilitated the construction boom should be able to do something similar to facilitate all this process of rehabilitation.”
Ramping up supply will not resolve Ireland’s housing crisisBuilding 35,000 or 50,000 homes a year not likely to make purchases more affordableThere’s a fundamental misconception at the heart of the debate about property in this country, one that conflates housing need with housing demand and therefore presumes the answer to the problem lies with supply.There’s undoubtedly a huge need for housing – that’s indisputable, on demographics alone – but that’s not the same as saying there is a huge market of potential buyers waiting in the wings.Most of the apartments being built in Dublin have no buyers, or at least very few. The price points are too prohibitive. According to the Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland, the cost of delivering two-bed apartments in the capital range from €493,000-€581,000 in medium-rise developments to €514,000-€619,000 in high-rise developments. Hence most are built to rent.In many cases, even the rents are too high and the schemes are only half let. Take a walk around the city’s docklands on a Saturday or Sunday morning – where much of the recent development has taken place – it’s a ghost town.So in the middle of a housing crisis – defined by a chronic shortage of affordable options – the market is supplying high-end, luxury units that don’t sell and, in many instances, can’t be let. The same thing has happened in London. Housing need and housing demand are two entirely different things.You can draw a parallel with the electric car market. Many motorists want to go green but most still can’t afford the basic EV (electrical vehicle) models, so the market remains small.The homebuyers’ market here might appear cut-throat and treacherous – pictures of young couples queuing outside starter-home estates paint a picture – but it’s actually quite small. The latest property price figures from Central Statistics Office show there were just 524 new dwelling transactions in June, down from more than 1,000 in December. That’s because so many are priced out and forced to rent.Property industry body Irish Institutional Property (IIP) weighed into the debate last week, suggesting the State needed to build roughly 50,000 homes a year until 2051 to resolve the crisis, which is significantly above the Government’s 35,000 target.It rightly pinpoints that the main drivers of housing demand are population growth; inward migration; household size and obsolescence. With a population of 6.5 million forecast by 2050, arranged into households of 2.1 persons on average, and where 0.6 per cent of the existing building stock becomes obsolete each year, the report estimates that the State needs about 49,000 new units per year between 2016 and 2051. Of these, roughly 20,000 are likely to be needed in the greater Dublin area, it says.The supply mantraThe supply mantra – the notion that increasing supply is the answer to the problem – is now enshrined as a article of faith with Government, industry and much of the public. Government promises bigger and bigger levels of housing output even though it’s not within its gift to do so, while industry says it is being blocked from building more by rising costs and/or increased red tape, legal or otherwise. Both agree, however, on the need to significantly increase supply.But if we start building at the scale proposed, what will happen? The IIP report claims that the break-even cost for developers of a two-bedroom apartment in the Republic is now close to €450,000, “something that only the top sixth of the income distribution could sustainably afford”.For this metric to change, one of two things needs to happen. Either the cost of construction needs to come down as we build more and the industry’s exploit economies of scale or the cost of new homes needs to come down as we supply more, leading to either a better financial equation for developers or a better financial equation for buyers.History unfortunately tells us that neither of these things will happen. Ramping up housing supply has never once in our recent history improved affordability. Even at the high-water mark of construction in 2006, when a record 92,000 homes were built, property prices rose by 14 per cent. Back then the cost of construction was also soaring despite the fact we had an extra 100,000 construction workers in the country.And even if the price of new homes comes down and the affordability dial moves in a favourable direction, it’s likely that developers will rein in production as the cost of delivery – for reasons to do with land, regulations and other variables – is now firmly baked into the system. Therefore when prices start to fall, the risk for developers will become that bit greater and the tendancy to pause that bit stronger. When the house prices fell off a cliff after the 2008, the industry didn’t build for almost a decade. This is the main reason why we’re in such a jam now.The traditional developer and the traditional buy-to-let landlord are finding life in the post-crash world financially difficult. That’s why they’re increasingly being replaced or funded by institutional investors, which work to a different financial equation, backed as they are by a wall of cheap money. They can afford to sit on half-empty apartment blocks.A building boom – as many seem to want – will not resolve the central issue at the heart of Ireland’s housing problem: affordability.
Récord de precariedad: crecen un 47% los contratos por horas y pocos díasLa recuperación del sector servicios ha disparado el empleo menos duradero y estacional. El 8% de los contratados en julio fueron a tiempo parcial e inferiores a una semanaLa Seguridad Social ha conseguido un nuevo récord de afiliados en julio (casi 19,6 millones), pero la letra pequeña señala que la cifra (en la que se incluye a los 350.000 trabajadores en ERTES) está hinchada por el empleo precario y estacional que se irá diluyendo en los próximos meses. Según los datos oficiales del Ministerio de Trabajo, en este mes se consiguió un nuevo récord de precariedad en la contratación.Los empleos con peores condiciones laborales y económicas, es decir, las contrataciones de menos de siete días de duración y además con jornada a tiempo parcial (por unas horas) creció un 47% respecto al año anterior frente al 20% del alza del conjunto de la contratación en España. Es decir, en julio se contrataron a 145.844 ‘lumpen’ frente a los 99.448 en el mismo mes del año anterior, que representaron más de 8% de la contratación nacional (1,8 millones) y cuyo empleo se ha volatilizado a los pocos días o a las pocas horas de firmar el contrato o han entrado temporalmente en la rueda de encadenación propia de estos casos.Por tanto, la economía está creciendo, beneficiada por el efecto rebote de la caída del año anterior, pero el alza del empleo es más estadístico que real. En todo caso, este aumento de la precariedad no se trata de un efecto directo de la pandemia ya que cifras similares se vienen produciendo desde los años precedentes cuando el PIB crecía por encima del 2,5% de media anual. Es un problema del modelo de crecimiento, basado en los servicios, que crea y destruye empleo permanentemente pero de muy baja calidad social y contributiva.(...)