STEM

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https://www.diariovasco.com/economia/donostia-acogera-super-ordenador-cuantico-ibm-referencia-20230311193405-nt.html

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

You Can Now Run a GPT-3 Level AI Model On Your Laptop, Phone, and Raspberry Pi
Posted by BeauHD on Tuesday March 14, 2023 @09:00AM from the what-will-they-think-of-next dept.

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica:

On Friday, a software developer named Georgi Gerganov created a tool called "llama.cpp" that can run Meta's new GPT-3-class AI large language model, LLaMA, locally on a Mac laptop. Soon thereafter, people worked out how to run LLaMA on Windows as well. Then someone showed it running on a Pixel 6 phone, and next came a Raspberry Pi (albeit running very slowly). If this keeps up, we may be looking at a pocket-sized ChatGPT competitor before we know it. [...]

Typically, running GPT-3 requires several datacenter-class A100 GPUs (also, the weights for GPT-3 are not public), but LLaMA made waves because it could run on a single beefy consumer GPU. And now, with optimizations that reduce the model size using a technique called quantization, LLaMA can run on an M1 Mac or a lesser Nvidia consumer GPU. After obtaining the LLaMA weights ourselves, we followed [independent AI researcher Simon Willison's] instructions and got the 7B parameter version running on an M1 Macbook Air, and it runs at a reasonable rate of speed. You call it as a script on the command line with a prompt, and LLaMA does its best to complete it in a reasonable way.

There's still the question of how much the quantization affects the quality of the output. In our tests, LLaMA 7B trimmed down to 4-bit quantization was very impressive for running on a MacBook Air -- but still not on par with what you might expect from ChatGPT. It's entirely possible that better prompting techniques might generate better results. Also, optimizations and fine-tunings come quickly when everyone has their hands on the code and the weights -- even though LLaMA is still saddled with some fairly restrictive terms of use. The release of Alpaca today by Stanford proves that fine tuning (additional training with a specific goal in mind) can improve performance, and it's still early days after LLaMA's release.

A step-by-step instruction guide for running LLaMA on a Mac can be found here (Warning: it's fairly technical).

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

Meta AI Unlocks Hundreds of Millions of Proteins To Aid Drug Discovery
Posted by msmash on Thursday March 16, 2023 @05:25PM from the moving-forward dept.

Facebook parent company Meta Platforms has created a tool to predict the structure of hundreds of millions of proteins using artificial intelligence. Researchers say it promises to deepen scientists' understanding of biology, and perhaps speed the discovery of new drugs. From a report:

Meta's research arm, Meta AI, used the new AI-based computer program known as ESMFold to create a public database of 617 million predicted proteins. Proteins are the building blocks of life and of many medicines, required for the function of tissues, organs and cells. Drugs based on proteins are used to treat heart disease, certain cancers and HIV, among other illnesses, and many pharmaceutical companies have begun to pursue new drugs with artificial intelligence. Using AI to predict protein structures is expected to not only boost the effectiveness of existing drugs and drug candidates but also help discover molecules that could treat diseases whose cures have remained elusive.

With ESMFold, Meta is squaring off against another protein-prediction computer model known as AlphaFold from DeepMind Technologies, a subsidiary of Google parent Alphabet. AlphaFold said last year that its database has 214 million predicted proteins that could help accelerate drug discovery. Meta says ESMFold is 60 times faster than AlphaFold, but less accurate. The ESMFold database is larger because it made predictions from genetic sequences that hadn't been studied previously. Predicting a protein's structure can help scientists understand its biological function, according to Alexander Rives, co-author of a study published Thursday in the journal Science and a research scientist at Meta AI. Meta had previously released the paper describing ESMFold in November 2022 on a preprint server.

Further reading: What metaverse? Meta says its single largest investment is now in 'advancing AI.'

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

A Trillionth-of-a-Second Shutter Speed Camera Catches Chaos in Action
Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday March 19, 2023 @01:34PM from the speedy-shutter dept.

Long-time Slashdot reader turp182 shares two stories about the new state-of-the-art in very-high-speed imaging. "The techniques don't image captured photons, but instead 'touch' the target to perform imaging/read structures using either lasers or neutrons."

First, Science Daily reports that physicists from the University of Gothenburg (with colleagues from the U.S. and Germany) have developed an ultrafast laser camera that can create videos at 12.5 billion images per second, "which is at least a thousand times faster than today's best laser equipment."

[R]esearchers use a laser camera that photographs the material in [an ultrathin, one-atom-thick] two-dimensional layer.... By observing the sample from the side, it is possible to see what reactions and emissions occur over time and space. Researchers have used single-shot laser sheet compressed ultrafast photography to study the combustion of various hydrocarbons.... This has enabled researchers to illustrate combustion with a time resolution that has never been achieved before. "The more pictures taken, the more precisely we can follow the course of events...." says Yogeshwar Nath Mishra, who was one of the researchers at the University of Gothenburg and who is now presenting the results in a scientific article in the journal Light: Science & Applications.... The new laser camera takes a unique picture with a single laser pulse.

Meanwhile, ScienceAlert reports on a camera with a trillionth-of-a-second shutter speed — that is, 250 million times faster than digital cameras — that's actually able to photograph atomic activity, including "dynamic disorder."

Simply put, dynamic disorder is when clusters of atoms move and dance around in a material in specific ways over a certain period — triggered by a vibration or a temperature change, for example. It's not a phenomenon that we fully understand yet, but it's crucial to the properties and reactions of materials. The new super-speedy shutter speed system gives us much more insight into what's happening....

The researchers are referring to their invention as variable shutter atomic pair distribution function, or vsPDF for short.... To achieve its astonishingly quick snap, vsPDF uses neutrons to measure the position of atoms, rather than conventional photography techniques. The way that neutrons hit and pass through a material can be tracked to measure the surrounding atoms, with changes in energy levels the equivalent of shutter speed adjustments.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

Apple Acquires Startup That Uses AI To Compress Videos
Posted by msmash on Monday March 27, 2023 @12:40PM from the how-about-that dept.

Apple has quietly acquired a Mountain View-based startup, WaveOne, that was developing AI algorithms for compressing video. From a report:

Apple wouldn't confirm the sale when asked for comment. But WaveOne's website was shut down around January, and several former employees, including one of WaveOne's co-founders, now work within Apple's various machine learning groups. In a LinkedIn post published a month ago, WaveOne's former head of sales and business development, Bob Stankosh, announced the sale. "After almost two years at WaveOne, last week we finalized the sale of the company to Apple," Stankosh wrote. "We started our journey at WaveOne, realizing that machine learning and deep learning video technology could potentially change the world. Apple saw this potential and took the opportunity to add it to their technology portfolio." WaveOne was founded in 2016 by Lubomir Bourdev and Oren Rippel, who set out to take the decades-old paradigm of video codecs and make them AI-powered. Prior to joining the venture, Bourdev was a founding member of Meta's AI research division, and both he and Rippel worked on Meta's computer vision team responsible for content moderation, visual search and feed ranking on Facebook.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

https://twitter.com/emulenews/status/1639932080153927682

Ayuno
Juan Ignacio Pérez Iglesias | 19 de marzo, 2023

Kurt Gödel ayunó hasta morir de inanición.

Lo primero que ocurre cuando una persona ayuna es que su metabolismo cae. Quienes ayunan reducen su actividad o, incluso, dejan de realizar cualquier actividad que no sea imprescindible. Pero la bajada del metabolismo no solo obedece al descenso de actividad; la tasa metabólica en condiciones de reposo también cae. La frecuencia de latido cardiaco se reduce. La temperatura corporal baja de 37 C a 35,5 C. Los músculos pierden masa; también el cardiaco. El hígado y los riñones también adelgazan. Solo el encéfalo mantiene su volumen. Esto implica que ciertos procesos que, en principio, son necesarios o muy convenientes para el organismo, dejan de ejecutarse o cursan con menor intensidad. La caída de la actividad metabólica es, además, mayor que la que correspondería a la pérdida de masa corporal que, necesariamente, ha de producirse en ayunas. De esta forma se ahorran reservas de energía que pueden resultar esenciales más adelante.

El metabolismo se ralentiza debido, principalmente, a una reducción en la secreción de la hormona tiroidea, especialmente la forma activa llamada T3 o triyodotironina. Es muy probable que este descenso se deba, a su vez, a una menor secreción de leptina por los adipocitos. La leptina es una adipocina, una proteína que informa acerca de la situación de las células que la producen. Los adipocitos son las células que almacenan grasa en el organismo y son, además, los principales productores de leptina. Cuando están cargados de lípidos, la liberan a la sangre, llega al hipotálamo –en el encéfalo– e induce una disminución del apetito. Además, también promueve la liberación, por la glándula hipófisis –vecina y socia del hipotálamo–, de la hormona que estimula la glándula tiroides. Como consecuencia, aumenta la liberación de la T3, por lo que sube el metabolismo y, por ende, la producción de calor. Si bajan los niveles de lípidos en esos mismos adipocitos, estos liberan menos leptina, de manera que el apetito aumenta y el metabolismo disminuye. Quienes ayunan tienen frío.

El glucógeno, que es la reserva de carbohidratos de los animales, se agota en 24 horas en el hígado, que es quien surte al encéfalo de glucosa, y seguramente en una semana en el músculo. Junto con la reducción del metabolismo global, también se ahorran proteínas porque, en proporción a carbohidratos y grasas, se catabolizan menos. Como consecuencia, los depósitos de grasa pasan a ser el principal –casi el único–suministro de energía. De hecho, la supervivencia de las personas que ayunan depende de la magnitud de esos depósitos. Cuando se terminan los lípidos, ya solo quedan proteínas para poder obtener energía, por lo que se produce un rápido uso de estas; y como muchas cumplen funciones esenciales para la supervivencia, la muerte sobreviene rápidamente.

No es fácil prever cuánto tiempo puede permanecer con vida una persona en ayunas, porque hay muchos factores que influyen, especialmente su estado de salud antes del ayuno y el volumen de sus reservas lipídicas. Suponiendo que una persona de 70 Kg y unas reservas de grasa de 18 Kg (el 25% de su peso) decide ayunar. Tendría, de partida, unas reservas de unos 700 megajulios (un megajulio es un millón de julios: MJ); por otro lado, al ayunar, el metabolismo bajaría del valor normal en reposo (10 MJ/día) a 7 MJ/día. Por tanto, las reservas podrían durar alrededor de 100 días. Bobby Sands, un militante encarcelado del IRA que, junto con otros compañeros, hizo una huelga de hambre en 1981, falleció tras 66 días ayunando. Lo más probable es que Sands empezase la huelga con menos grasa que esos 18 Kg considerados en el supuesto teórico.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

Could a Photosynthesis 'Hack' Lead to New Ways of Generating Renewable Energy?
Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday April 02, 2023 @04:09PM from the plant-based-fuels dept.

"Researchers have 'hacked' the earliest stages of photosynthesis," according to a new announcement from the University of Cambridge.

CNET reports:

Scientists have studied photosynthesis in plants for centuries, but an international team believes they've unlocked new secrets in nature's great machine that could revolutionize sustainable fuels and fight climate change. The team says they've determined it's possible to extract an electrical charge at the best possible point in photosynthesis. This means harvesting the maximum amount of electrons from the process for potential use in power grids and some types of batteries. It could also improve the development of biofuels. While it's still early days, the findings, reported in the journal Nature, could reduce greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere and provide insights to improve photovoltaic solar panels.

The key breakthrough came when researchers observed the process of photosynthesis at ultrafast timescales. "We can take photos at different times which allow us to watch changes in the sample really, really quickly — a million billion times faster than your iPhone," Dr. Tomi Baikie, from the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory, told CNET....

Previous demonstrations connected cyanobacteria, algae and other plants to electrodes to create so-called bio-photoelectrochemical cells that tap into the photosynthetic process to generate electricity. Baikie said they were surprised to discover a previously unknown pathway of energy flow at the beginning of the process that could enable extracting the charge in a more efficient way.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

Physicists Created 'Slits In Time' and Discovered 'Unexpected Physics'
Posted by BeauHD on Monday April 03, 2023 @11:30PM from the temporal-analogue dept.

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Motherboard:

Scientists have discovered "unexpected physics" by opening up "slits" in time, a new study reports, achieving a longstanding dream that can help to probe the behavior of light and pioneer advanced optical technologies. The mind-boggling approach is a time-based variation on the famous double-slit experiment, first performed by Thomas Young in 1801, which opened a window into the weird probabilistic world of quantum mechanics by revealing the dual nature of light as both a particle and a wave. The new temporal version of this test offered a glimpse of the mysterious physics that occur at ultrafast timescales, which may inform the development of quantum computing systems, among other next-generation applications.

In the original version of the double-slit experiment, light passes through two slits that are spatially separated on an opaque screen. A detector on the other side of the screen records the pattern of the light waves that emerges from the slits. These experiments show that the light waves change direction and interfere with each other after going through the slits, demonstrating that light behaves as both a wave and particle. This insight is one of the most important milestones in our ongoing journey into the quantum world, and it has since been repeated with other entities, such as electrons, exposing the trippy phenomena that occurs at the small scales of atoms.

Now, scientists led by Romain Tirole, a PhD student studying nanophotonics at Imperial College London, have created a "temporal analogue of Young's slit experiment" by firing a beam of light at a special metamaterial called Indium Tin Oxide, according to a study published on Monday in Nature Physics. Metamaterials are artificial creations endowed with superpowers that are not found in nature. For instance, the Indium Tin Oxide used in the new study can change its properties in mere femtoseconds, a unit equal to a millionth of a billionth of a second. This incredible variability allows light waves to interact with the metamaterial at key moments in ultrafast succession, called "time slits," which produces a time-based diffraction pattern that is analogous to the results returned in the spatial version of the experiment. [...] In other words, the super-speedy changeability of Indium Tin Oxide finally made a time slit experiment possible, after many years of eluding scientists. To bring this vision to reality, Tirole and his colleagues used lasers to switch the reflectance of the material on and off at high speeds.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

La historia de la tecnología a largo plazo en una infografía de Max Roser
POR @ALVY — 18 DE ABRIL DE 2023

Max Roser de Our World in Data publicó hace unas semanas esta infografía titulada La tecnología en el largo plazo para mostrar cuán drásticamente pueden cambiar nuestras vidas con cada pliegue de la historia.

La infografía es brillante y utiliza una escala de estilo logarítmico: la zona central son sólo los 200 últimos años, luego hay unos pliegues de mil en mil años y una espiral de círculos que representa 200.000 años en cada vuelta. En total abarca 3,4 millones de años, que es más o menos el tiempo que hace que algún ancestro de nuestra especie utilizó una «herramienta» fuera eso lo que fuera, probablemente un hueso para partirle la cabeza al mono de la tribu de al lado, como en 2001.

En los pliegues de mil años están marcados estratégicamente los momentos claves para la tecnología en la historia, entre ellos:

• La invención del papel
• El molino de viento
• La pólvora
• La imprenta
• El microscopio
• La máquina de vapor
• La fotografía
• El telégrafo
• La luz eléctrica
• El automóvil
• La televisión
• Las armas nucleares
• Los primeros ordenadores
• Internet
• Los teléfonos móviles inteligentes

Para el futuro cercano –próximas décadas– están previstas la llegada de la AGI (inteligencia artificial general, de nivel humano) y la exploración en persona del espacio más allá del sistema Tierra-Luna. En general hay que observar que las gentes de cada época denominan «tecnología» a cualquier invento que no existiera cuando ellos nacieron. Por eso en la época actual convivimos los que consideramos a Internet tecnología (por suerte ya no «nueva») con los mal llamados nativos digitales, igual que hace tiempo sucedía con la televisión en color o las cámaras de fotos digitales.

Además de la infografía el artículo también merece la pena, con explicaciones sobre cómo fue la irrupción de todas estas tecnologías en su momento y los problemas que conllevaron (y conllevan) así como la forma de solucionarlos.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

NASA Demonstrates a Breakthrough In 3D Printable High-Temperature Materials
Posted by BeauHD on Tuesday April 25, 2023 @06:00AM from the stronger-than-ever dept.

NASA has developed a new superalloy called GRX-810 that could lead to stronger, more durable parts for airplanes and spacecraft. SciTechDaily reports:

GRX-810 is an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy. In other words, tiny particles containing oxygen atoms spread throughout the alloy enhance its strength. Such alloys are excellent candidates to build aerospace parts for high-temperature applications, like those inside aircraft and rocket engines, because they can withstand harsher conditions before reaching their breaking points. Current state-of-the-art 3D printed superalloys can withstand temperatures up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Compared to those, GRX-810 is twice as strong, over 1,000 times more durable, and twice as resistant to oxidation.

"This new alloy is a major achievement," said Dale Hopkins, deputy project manager of NASA's Transformational Tools and Technologies project. "In the very near future, it may well be one of the most successful technology patents NASA Glenn has ever produced." GRX-810 was developed under NASA's Transformational Tools and Technologies project, with support from the agency's Game Changing Development Program.

The peer-reviewed paper has been published in the journal Nature.

Saludos.

[Saturio]

NASA Demonstrates a Breakthrough In 3D Printable High-Temperature Materials
Posted by BeauHD on Tuesday April 25, 2023 @06:00AM from the stronger-than-ever dept.

NASA has developed a new superalloy called GRX-810 that could lead to stronger, more durable parts for airplanes and spacecraft. SciTechDaily reports:

GRX-810 is an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy. In other words, tiny particles containing oxygen atoms spread throughout the alloy enhance its strength. Such alloys are excellent candidates to build aerospace parts for high-temperature applications, like those inside aircraft and rocket engines, because they can withstand harsher conditions before reaching their breaking points. Current state-of-the-art 3D printed superalloys can withstand temperatures up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Compared to those, GRX-810 is twice as strong, over 1,000 times more durable, and twice as resistant to oxidation.

"This new alloy is a major achievement," said Dale Hopkins, deputy project manager of NASA's Transformational Tools and Technologies project. "In the very near future, it may well be one of the most successful technology patents NASA Glenn has ever produced." GRX-810 was developed under NASA's Transformational Tools and Technologies project, with support from the agency's Game Changing Development Program.

The peer-reviewed paper has been published in the journal Nature.

Saludos.

Con respecto a esto el Terran1 de Relativity Space consiguió ser lanzado aunque no llegó a alcanzar órbita.
Creo que Relativity Space no va a continuar con su programa pero se quedan lo que han aprendido de impresión 3d

[Cadavre Exquis]

The First IVF Babies Conceived By a Robot Have Been Born
Posted by BeauHD on Wednesday April 26, 2023 @11:30PM from the sperm-injecting-robots dept.

An anonymous reader quotes a report from MIT Technology Review:

Last spring, engineers in Barcelona packed up the sperm-injecting robot they'd designed and sent it by DHL to New York City. They followed it to a clinic there, called New Hope Fertility Center, where they put the instrument back together, assembling a microscope, a mechanized needle, a tiny petri dish, and a laptop. Then one of the engineers, with no real experience in fertility medicine, used a Sony PlayStation 5 controller to position a robotic needle. Eyeing a human egg through a camera, it then moved forward on its own, penetrating the egg and dropping off a single sperm cell. Altogether, the robot was used to fertilize more than a dozen eggs. The result of the procedures, say the researchers, were healthy embryos—and now two baby girls, who they claim are the first people born after fertilization by a "robot."

The startup company that developed the robot, Overture Life, says its device is an initial step toward automating in vitro fertilization, or IVF, and potentially making the procedure less expensive and far more common than it is today. Right now, IVF labs are multimillion-dollar affairs staffed by trained embryologists who earn upwards of $125,000 a year to delicately handle sperm and eggs using ultra-thin hollow needles under a microscope. But some startups say the entire process could be carried out automatically, or nearly so. Overture, for instance, has filed a patent application describing a "biochip" for an IVF lab in miniature, complete with hidden reservoirs containing growth fluids, and tiny channels for sperm to wiggle through.

"Think of a box where sperm and eggs go in, and an embryo comes out five days later," says Santiago Munne, the prize-winning geneticist who is chief innovation officer at the Spanish company. He believes that if IVF could be carried out inside a desktop instrument, patients might never need to visit a specialized clinic, where a single attempt at getting pregnant can cost $20,000 in the US. Instead, he says, a patient's eggs might be fed directly into an automated fertility system at a gynecologist's office. "It has to be cheaper. And if any doctor could do it, it would be," says Munne.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

El pequeño robot OP3 que resiste los embates de sus creadores y ha aprendido a jugar al fútbol dignamente
POR @ALVY — 29 DE ABRIL DE 2023

OP3 Soccer | Robustness to pushes

Este simpático robot se llama OP3 y es el protagonista de la investigación en aprendizaje mediante refuerzo profundo (Deep RL) en los laboratorios de DeepMind. En este primer vídeo se puede ver una de sus habilidades: resistir los embates y golpes de los adversarios, mateniéndose en pie o levantándose del suelo cueste lo que cueste. Cuesta no empatizar con su causa.

La forma en que se entrena a estos robots la cuentan en este trabajo de DeepMind: Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning. Allí se muestra cómo el escenario habitual es una simulación de partido uno-contra-uno y los protagonistas unos OP3 de Robotis con pequeñas modificaciones, que tienen 20 juntas entre brazos y piernas con las que realizar movimientos.

OP3 Soccer | Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Tal y como puede verse en el vídeo los robots aprenden cosas que son un tanto contrarias a lo que cabría esperar sin demasiada información, tales como como caerse y levantarse, lanzar un penalti o jugadas defensivas tales como bloquear la pelota, que forman parte de la estrategia del juego.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

Dished Up By 3D Printers, a New Kind of Fish To Fry
Posted by msmash on Friday May 05, 2023 @01:24PM from the closer-look dept.

Forget your hook, line and sinker. An Israeli foodtech company says it has 3D printed the first ever ready-to-cook fish fillet using animal cells cultivated and grown in a laboratory. From a report:

Lab-grown beef and chicken have drawn attention as a way to sidestep the environmental toll of farming and tackle concerns over animal welfare, but few companies have forayed into seafood. Israel's Steakholder Foods has now partnered with Singapore-based Umami Meats to make fish fillets without the need to stalk dwindling fish populations. Umami Meats extracts cells - for now from grouper - and grows them into muscle and fat. Steakholder Foods then adds them to a 'bio-ink' suited for special 3D printers. The outcome: a narrow fillet that mimics the properties of sea-caught fish.

Umami hopes to bring its first products to market next year, starting in Singapore and then, pending regulation, countries like the United States and Japan. Cell cultivation alone is still too expensive to match the cost of traditional seafood, so for now the fish cells are diluted with plant-based ingredients in the bio-ink. "As time goes by, the complexity and level of these products will be higher, and the prices linked to producing them will decrease," said Arik Kaufman, the chief executive of Steakholder Foods.

Saludos.

[Cadavre Exquis]

Bill Gates Visits Planned Site of 'Most Advanced Nuclear Facility in the World'
Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday May 06, 2023 @06:34PM from the power-plays dept.

Friday Bill Gates visited Kemmerer, Wyoming (population: 2,656) — where a coal plant was shutting down after 50 years. But Gates was there "to celebrate the latest step in a project that's been more than 15 years in the making: designing and building a next-generation nuclear power plant..."

The new plant will employ "between 200 and 250 people," Gates writes in a blog post, "and those with experience in the coal plant will be able to do many of the jobs — such as operating a turbine and maintaining connections to the power grid — without much retraining."

It's called the Natrium plant, and it was designed by TerraPower, a company I started in 2008. When it opens (potentially in 2030), it will be the most advanced nuclear facility in the world, and it will be much safer and produce far less waste than conventional reactors.

All of this matters because the world needs to make a big bet on nuclear. As I wrote in my book How to Avoid a Climate Disaster , we need nuclear power if we're going to meet the world's growing need for energy while also eliminating carbon emissions. None of the other clean sources are as reliable, and none of the other reliable sources are as clean...

Another thing that sets TerraPower apart is its digital design process. Using supercomputers, they've digitally tested the Natrium design countless times, simulating every imaginable disaster, and it keeps holding up. TerraPower's sophisticated work has drawn interest from around the globe, including an agreement to collaborate on nuclear power technology in Japan and investments from the South Korean conglomerate SK and the multinational steel company ArcelorMittal...

I'm excited about this project because of what it means for the future. It's the kind of effort that will help America maintain its energy independence. And it will help our country remain a leader in energy innovation worldwide. The people of Kemmerer are at the forefront of the equitable transition to a clean, safe energy future, and it's great to be partnering with them.

Gates writes that for safety the plant uses liquid sodium (instead of water) to absorb excess heat, and it even has an energy storage system "to control how much electricity it produces at any given time..."

"I'm convinced that the facility will be a win for the local economy, America's energy independence, and the fight against climate change.

Saludos.