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Robert Shiller: Home prices are ‘very, very high,’ but might get cheaper in six monthsThat was Yale economist Robert Shiller talking about the current state of the housing market during an interview on Monday on CNBC Overtime.Shiller, a researcher at the National Bureau of Economic Research, helped create the Case-Shiller Home Price Indices, which are leading trackers of the U.S. real-estate market.“It’s easy to forecast the short-run in the housing market. If you’re a long-term buyer it’s not clear,” Shiller said on Monday. “Home prices are very, very high by historical standards.”“It might get a little cheaper after another six months,” he continued.(...)“We will get inflation down in time,” Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said last week. “No one should doubt that.”Shiller also said that Americans may have to accept that there could be a looming economic downturn.“We have smart people on the Fed, and the Treasury Secretary I admire — Janet Yellen,” Shiller said. “They may have to accept something of a recession.”
What we don’t know about shadow banks is a scary scenarioWere we to see a big money market fund break, financial regulators would probably engineer a bailout. But it could get financially messy and politically poisonous, just as in 2008.The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) has raised a number of uncomfortable questions about US banking regulation.Why did the Trump administration raise the asset threshold for US Federal Reserve “stress tests” from $US50 billion to $US250 billion? How could SVB have such an ineffective interest rate risk hedging program – if it had one at all? How could the person in charge of banking regulation, Randal Quarles, utter these words with a straight face: “Long experience has taught supervisors and regulators that uninsured deposits from your customers, as opposed to brokered deposits or wholesale short-term funding, are rather stable.”Perhaps the biggest question is this: if regulators didn’t see this transparently simple disaster happening, what else have they missed?For now, the Fed and Treasury are signalling they will do whatever it takes to prevent further bank runs. Gone are the days of parsing which banks need to be helped and which can be allowed to quietly fail. For banks, it seems we’re all systemically important now.As I wrote recently, this approach raises its own questions about the future of commercial banking. But there is a more pressing and immediate concern confronting us: the stability of shadow banks.As the SVB experience has reminded us, banks engage in so-called “maturity transformation”. They borrow money short-term (for example, through deposits) and lend it out long-term. Shadow banks do the same thing – except they are not regulated as banks and can’t borrow from the Fed in an emergency. Nor are they insured through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.A host of financial entities fall into this category, including money-market mutual funds, mortgage lenders, investment banks, insurance companies and hedge funds.Opaque funding processWhile the funding structure of banks is relatively transparent, shadow banks typically fund the asset side of their balance sheets in opaque ways. There is an ocean of jargon and acronyms (commercial paper, repos, structured investment vehicles and more). But the key point is the opacity of the funding process. It often has seven or more steps from start to finish.We saw this at work during the 2008 financial crisis. When short-term funding of shadow banks dried up, they started selling long-term assets at a discount, culminating in fire sales and collapse.For instance, the venerable money market fund the Reserve Primary Fund “broke the buck” when its net asset value fell to 97¢ on the dollar after Lehman’s bankruptcy. This was previously thought impossible, but it turned out the Primary Fund held nearly $US800 million in Lehman commercial paper. Who knew?Sometimes the impossible is, actually, possible. It can happen all of a sudden, out of nowhere, and not in a good way. It happened in 2008, and it could happen again in 2023.The shadow banking system (or the Non-Bank Financial Intermediation – or NBFI – sector as it is sometimes called) is huge. The Financial Stability Board reported late last year that it had grown to $US239.3 trillion ($358.4 trillion) in size globally – nearly half of all financial assets.That’s not bad in and of itself. But it is also much less well-regulated than the banking sector. Take the US. After the financial crisis, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.In light of the current dramas in the banking sector one might well ponder how effective that legislation was. But it’s hard to deny that Dodd-Frank has made the banking sector safer than in was before the financial crisis. Similar measures have been enacted in many other advanced economies.It’s hardly a shock to see money flow to where it’s less tightly regulated.And while Dodd-Frank did try to tackle risk among shadow banks – most notably through the establishment of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) – this was always going to be a challenging task.Worse still, in 2017 Trump’s Treasury Secretary, Steve Mnuchin, rescinded the designations of three non-bank “Systemically Important Financial Institutions”. In less than 24 months Mnuchin managed to effectively undo all the post-2008 regulation of US shadow banks.So, what did we see? Growth in NBFI assets went from 6.4 per cent a year in the 2010-2017 period to 8.9 per cent post the gutting of FSOC. It’s hardly a shock to see money flow to where it’s less tightly regulated.Were we to see a big money market fund break the buck again, it’s a good bet the Fed and Treasury would just guarantee all deposits and stem the panic.A scarier scenario is if a large, systemically important institution fails, as AIG did 2008. Again, the Fed and Treasury would probably engineer a bailout, but it would be financially messy and politically poisonous. Just as in 2008.But to understand the real nightmare scenario, cast your minds back to 1998 and recall a rinky-dink little hedge fund called Long Term Capital Management (LTCM). Plenty of people said a $US2 billion operation couldn’t do much damage. Turns out, it can.When shadow banks are taking highly leveraged bets on the fourth derivative of volatility of an emerging market currency (that’s not a joke or an exaggeration), bad things can happen fast. When LTCM had to unwind its positions in a hurry, it took a lot of effort and a good dose of luck to prevent the collapse of the global financial system.That could happen again in 2023. The problem is – just as in 1998 – we don’t know what we don’t know. And neither do financial regulators. That’s unlikely to end well without serious precautionary measures.
Will the Fed cut interest rates this year? BlackRock warns it's unlikelyFed unlikely to cut interest rates unless banking crisis triggers credit crunch: BlackRockThe Federal Reserve is unlikely to cut interest rates this year despite recent turmoil within the banking sector, according to BlackRock strategists, disappointing investors who are heavily betting on such a scenario."We don’t see rate cuts this year – that’s the old playbook when central banks would rush to rescue the economy as recession hit," BlackRock said in its weekly note to clients. "Now they’re causing the recession to fight sticky inflation and that makes rate cuts unlikely, in our view."The note comes shortly after Fed officials delivered another quarter-percentage point rate hike, lifting the benchmark funds rate to a range of 4.75% to 5%, the highest since 2007. It marked the ninth consecutive rate increase aimed at combating high inflation.Market pricing indicates that central bankers will approve another quarter-percentage point rate hike at their May meeting, according to the CME Group's FedWatch Group. But traders expect the Fed to pivot and start reducing the federal funds rate as soon as July, eventually trimming as much as a full percentage point by the end of the year.Fed officials have been adamant that they are not considering slashing rates this year, even though the rapid rise in interest rates played a direct role in the spate of bank collapses earlier in March."Participants expect relatively slow growth, a gradual rebalancing of supply and demand in the labor market, with inflation moving down gradually," Fed Chairman Jerome Powell told reporters in Washington last week. "In that most likely case, if that happens, participants don’t see rate cuts this year. They just don’t."BlackRock – which manages about $10 trillion in assets – said there are still signs of price pressures within the economy, noting that inflation is "still not on track" to settle at the Fed's 2% target. The Labor Department reported earlier this month that the consumer price index climbed 0.4% in February from the previous month and 6% on an annual basis – about three times the pre-pandemic average. Core prices, meanwhile, rose faster than expected, climbing 0.5% over the course of February."We think the Fed could only deliver the rate cuts priced in by markets if a more serious credit crunch took hold and caused an even deeper recession than we expect," the strategists wrote.Fed policymakers said it is too soon to say how banking sector stress will affect the broader economy."Financial conditions seem to have tightened and probably by more than the traditional indexes say," Powell said. "The question for us, though, is how significant will that be – what will be the extent of it, and what will be the duration of it?"We’ll be looking to see how serious is this and does it look like it’s going to be sustained. And, if it is, it could easily have a significant macroeconomic effect, and we would factor that into our policy decisions."
La inflación y el euríbor asedian a los hogares españoles: “Nos hemos vuelto más pobres”https://elpais.com/economia/2023-03-01/la-inflacion-y-el-euribor-asedian-a-los-hogares-espanoles-nos-hemos-vuelto-mas-pobres.html
El precio de la vivienda libre se dispara un 7,4% en 2022, su mayor subida en 15 años https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20230308/precio-vivienda-libre-se-dispara-74-2022-su-mayor-subida-15-anos/2430551.shtmlEl precio de la vivienda nueva se encarece un 7,1% en 2022, el mayor aumento en 15 añoshttps://elpais.com/economia/2023-01-02/el-precio-de-la-vivienda-nueva-se-encarece-un-71-en-2022-el-mayor-aumento-en-15-anos.htmlEl precio de la vivienda se anota su mayor subida anual en 16 años: se encareció un 8,2% en 2022https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5092529/0/el-precio-de-la-vivienda-se-anota-su-mayor-subida-anual-en-16-anos-se-encarecio-un-8-2-en-2022/
Cómo y cuándo sacar partido a la inflación con una hipoteca https://www.elconfidencial.com/vivienda/2022-04-05/hipotecas-inflacion-inversion-vivienda-mercado-inmobiliario_3401109/Por E. Sanz "Tener el dinero en cuentas a la vista es la garantía de que se lo coma la inflación", asegura Javaloyes quien también considera que en un panorama como el actual, "los fondos más prudentes tampoco garantizan una buena rentabilidad, mientras que los más arriesgados son muy sensibles a la volatilidad de la situación geopolítica, por ejemplo, como podemos ver ahora".En este sentido, este experto considera que "hipotecarse para adquirir una vivienda con el fin de invertir tiene un doble beneficio. Por un lado, evitar la pérdida de poder adquisitivo del dinero por la inflación y, por otro, la rentabilidad obtenida por la inversión, vía alquiler que a su vez se actualizará anualmente con el IPC".
La soga energética se está apretando alrededor de los propietarios. Quienes sean propietarios de viviendas intensivas en energía (clasificadas F o G en el Diagnóstico de Eficiencia Energética) no pueden alquilarlas si no las rehabilitan, según la Ley de Clima y Resiliencia.Por el momento, el gobierno [francés] ha eximido a los propietarios-ocupantes de esta restricción. Pero la Unión Europea es decididamente diferente. El Parlamento Europeo votó este martes una directiva sin precedentes, que les obliga a renovar su colador térmico en cuanto los propietarios decidan venderlo.-Las viviendas clasificadas F y G deberán tener calificación E a partir de 2030 y D, a partir de 2033. De lo contrario, el vendedor sufriría un descuento -que aún no ha sido definido- equivalente a la cantidad de obra a realizar por parte del comprador. Cabe señalar que estas restricciones entrarían en vigor tres años antes para los edificios no residenciales (oficinas, comercios, etc.) y los edificios públicos. Este calendario parece menos exigente que el impuesto por Francia donde la prohibición comenzó el 1 de enero de 2023 y continúa en 2025, luego en 2028 y finaliza en 2034. Pero, a diferencia del gobierno francés, la directiva europea ha decidido atacar a los propietarios de viviendas. ¿Qué pasa con las casas nuevas? Tendrán que ser cero emisiones a partir de 2028, e incluso a partir de 2026 para los edificios públicos."Malinterpretación económica, social y ecológica"Esta decisión del Parlamento Europeo causó revuelo y provocó una bronca del líder de los republicanos en el Parlamento Europeo. "La directiva europea sobre la renovación energética de los edificios constituye una mala interpretación económica, social e incluso ecológica muy preocupante", ha declarado François-Xavier Bellamy quien reconoce, en L'Opinion, que "no es bueno alquilar un tamiz térmico, pero es otra cosa, cuando eres dueño de una propiedad, ya no poder vivir allí”. El texto, aprobado por 343 votos a favor, 216 en contra y 78 abstenciones, se negociará ahora con el Consejo de la Unión Europea en representación de los Estados miembros y podría suavizarse, como esperan sus detractores.