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Cada vez más despidos en multinacionales y la metástasis inmobiliaria.CitarHeineken recortará hasta 6.000 empleos por la caída de la venta de cervezaEl grupo belga Heineken recortará entre 5.000 y 6.000 puestos de trabajo, tras admitir una fuerte caída en la demanda de alcohol. La empresa anunció que reducirá su plantilla durante los próximos dos años en un esfuerzo por recortar gastos, según un comunicado emitido este miércoles.La cervecera, que fabrica marcas como Cruzcampo y El Águila, se enfrenta a un descenso en el consumo de cerveza en mercados críticos, como Estados Unidos y Europa, ya que los consumidores están moderando su consumo de alcohol para mejorar su salud y reducir los crecientes gastos domésticos.El mes pasado, Heineken sorprendió a los inversores al anunciar que su director ejecutivo, Dolf van den Brink, dimitiría tras seis años al frente de la empresa y más de 28 años en la compañía en total. Heineken comenzará ahora a buscar a su sucesor, y Van den Brink, de 52 años, seguirá asesorando a la compañía hasta el próximo año.Desde que Van den Brink asumió el control en junio de 2020, la empresa ha tenido un rendimiento inferior al de sus rivales, como Anheuser-Busch InBev y Carlsberg. Ya en en octubre, la compañía advirtió que las ganancias anuales serían menores a las esperadas debido a un crecimiento más débil en Europa y América, un problema que ha afectado a la industria cervecera mundial durante algún tiempo a medida que las tendencias de consumo cambian y la inflación afecta la demanda entre los consumidores.....https://cincodias.elpais.com/companias/2026-02-11/heineken-recortara-hasta-6000-empleos-por-la-caida-de-la-venta-de-cerveza.html
Heineken recortará hasta 6.000 empleos por la caída de la venta de cervezaEl grupo belga Heineken recortará entre 5.000 y 6.000 puestos de trabajo, tras admitir una fuerte caída en la demanda de alcohol. La empresa anunció que reducirá su plantilla durante los próximos dos años en un esfuerzo por recortar gastos, según un comunicado emitido este miércoles.La cervecera, que fabrica marcas como Cruzcampo y El Águila, se enfrenta a un descenso en el consumo de cerveza en mercados críticos, como Estados Unidos y Europa, ya que los consumidores están moderando su consumo de alcohol para mejorar su salud y reducir los crecientes gastos domésticos.El mes pasado, Heineken sorprendió a los inversores al anunciar que su director ejecutivo, Dolf van den Brink, dimitiría tras seis años al frente de la empresa y más de 28 años en la compañía en total. Heineken comenzará ahora a buscar a su sucesor, y Van den Brink, de 52 años, seguirá asesorando a la compañía hasta el próximo año.Desde que Van den Brink asumió el control en junio de 2020, la empresa ha tenido un rendimiento inferior al de sus rivales, como Anheuser-Busch InBev y Carlsberg. Ya en en octubre, la compañía advirtió que las ganancias anuales serían menores a las esperadas debido a un crecimiento más débil en Europa y América, un problema que ha afectado a la industria cervecera mundial durante algún tiempo a medida que las tendencias de consumo cambian y la inflación afecta la demanda entre los consumidores.....https://cincodias.elpais.com/companias/2026-02-11/heineken-recortara-hasta-6000-empleos-por-la-caida-de-la-venta-de-cerveza.html
Al hilo de los comentarios de @Newclo y @AndanteAl campo no nos podemos dedicar y a la industria tampoco, ya que hemos aceptado plenamente eso que llaman la 'división internacional del trabajo', que consiste en que unos países venden bienes manufacturados, otros materias primas y nosotros... no vamos a vender nada segun parece. Como somos "liberales" no nos gustan los aranceles, así que ya nos podemos ir olvidando de una gran parte de la economía productiva. Por si quedaba alguna duda los acuerdos de libre comercio lo dejan todo bastante claro. Entonces solo nos queda fortalecer nuestro mercado interno pero... ¿qué podemos producir a un coste que compita con los bienes de consumo que importamos a bajo precio? (dumping laboral, social y medio-ambiental)De los 'servicios avanzados' parece que nos podemos ir olvidando. También nos dicen que nos olvidemos de cualquier 'trabajo de oficina', mientras adornan sus amenazas con cientos de miles de despidos en todo el mundo, que no son resultado de la IA sino de la automatización de procesos y de la deslocalización. Al campo no, a la fábrica no, a la oficina tampoco... Normal que haya planes para seguir aumentando el número de beneficiarios del IMVAlguna vez habrá que hablar de 'factores de localización económica' y 'factores de localización de la población'. Los primeros determinan los segundos en gran parte. A partir de ahora, ¿cuáles van a ser los nuevos factores de localización de la población? Sólo de pensarlo entra la risa floja...
Sin embargo, las élites no existen realmente. Son metafísica. Lo que sí hay son grupos de individuos, de perímetro variable, heterogéneos y en lucha constante, lucha interna y con los demás. Grupos y subgrupos que se identifican por algunos individuos, sí, pero cuyo poder individual es irrelevante, toda vez que son hijos de las leyes objetivas de la historia. Están donde están porque hacen lo que hay que hacer.Dejemos de hablar de élites, por favor. Hablemos de ecuaciones de intereses, de ortograma. Sobre esta cuestión ya hemos debatido suficientemente en este blog. Las élites solo importan a petimetres y trepas. Las élites no son sujetos de la historia. Da igual el tal Sááánchez o el tal Saaanti. Lo que importa es que el sistema tiene un plan y se va a cumplir, sí o sí, por las buenas por las malas. Nosotros queremos participar en el plan y que se ejecute por las buenas.
Why are fertility rates collapsing? Gender roles, Martin WolfA big part of female graduates’ decision to have children depends on how they expect their husbands to behave© James FergusonThe decline in fertility has occurred in almost every country in the world. Furthermore, notes the Nobel-laureate Claudia Goldin, in her 2023 paper “The Downside of Fertility”*, every OECD member (bar Israel) has a total fertility rate (average number of children per woman in a lifetime) of less than 2.1 (the replacement rate). Moreover, this is not at all new: “low levels of fertility have existed in many currently developed nations since the mid-1970s.”This transformation in fertility is the opposite of what Thomas Malthus foretold in his Essay on the Principle of Population. Humanity is unprecedentedly well off and yet has far fewer children relative to its numbers than before. I considered the causes in May 2024, in “From the baby boom to the baby bust”**. One is that a far higher number of children survive into adulthood, reducing the need for multiple births. Another is that we have managed to separate the joys of sex from the burdens of child-rearing. Yet another is that people came to prefer a few “quality” children (in each of which they invest more) to a large quantity of them.Yet these changes do not fully explain what is going on, not least the markedly lower fertility rates of graduate women and the extraordinarily swift collapses in fertility in fast-growing economies with traditional gender norms, notably that wives should look after the children. In such countries, not only do the costs of bringing up children tend to be high, but they fall overwhelmingly on women.On the whole, female graduates in the US (and elsewhere) are both far more likely to marry than non-graduates and have been more likely to have children in wedlock. Thus, for college graduates, in particular, a big part of their decision to have children depends on how they expect their husbands to behave.The simple (and obvious) point is that educated women who end up with the full responsibility for childcare for multiple children have relatively more to lose than their non-college-educated peers. This is why they are more likely to insist on marriage. It is also why they tend to have fewer children (though that is also because they start later).Goldin argues that women who gain professional incomes are better off and have much more agency. But if they are to do so, they need to postpone working in order to pursue their education, which increasingly they do. Once they are educated and in the labour force, they need to choose whether and with whom to have children. If they are to work successfully after having children, they will depend on the active help of their partners. But they cannot be sure the latter are reliable. Their partner might be a devoted helpmeet but he might leave her in the lurch. If his support fails, women will find it hard to sustain their career. So, graduate women hedge. They not only insist on marriage, but have few children, often one or none.Goldin uses this analysis to explain what has been happening in the US over the long term. Thus, “the birth rate plummeted some time ago in the US . . . Because women had more autonomy, they had more options, and because the relative earnings of college-educated workers greatly increased, their options became more valuable . . . The opportunity cost of children to more educated women rose. Women needed greater assurances that the care of their children would be shared with the father.”Now consider the cases of countries that had huge economic growth from a low base, as in southern Europe and east Asia. There, she argues, social mores are often stuck behind contemporary realities. Men still hanker after the patriarchal norms of a traditional society. Women enjoy the liberation of a modern economy. Goldin notes that countries particularly affected by this expectations mismatch (such as Japan, South Korea and, I suspect, China) also have high rates of female childlessness.Another relevant factor she alludes to is the “rat race”. Quality children are expensive everywhere, but in some countries they are exorbitantly so. In societies in which aspirations for children are universally high and shared, parents are competing with one another for a limited number of top slots for their children. The result is intensive tutoring, which is an exquisite form of torture for both children and parents, and mostly the mothers. This increases the direct and indirect costs to women of having children to an inordinate degree. So, many do not do so.Goldin’s main suggestion is that men need to shape up, though she recommends greater state support for parents, too. But nothing seems likely to get the fertility rates of modern societies above replacement. Where I do agree is that the reactionary right’s idea that the answer is to put women back into the kitchen and nursery is wicked and stupid. Only the Taliban thinks it is clever to deprive women of education. Moreover, if even the Chinese Communist Party cannot force women to have children they do not want, nobody can. What is more, only an imbecile would suppose you would get more children by arguing that women treat their husbands as their masters, yet again. We would get still fewer marriages and fewer children.Gender norms will need to be even more equal and societal help with the costs of children even greater if there is to be much hope of raising fertility rates. But a big rise seems unlikely. A declining population looks inevitable in a huge number of rich countries, if mass immigration is ruled out. Would that really be the disaster some fear? No. But that is a topic for another column.
Switzerland to vote on plan to cap population at 10mnCountry has 9.1mn permanent residents and experts fear the move will limit companies’ access to foreign talentRepresentatives of the Swiss People’s Party demonstrate in favour of the proposal, which has widespread support due to frustration over housing and ‘unchecked immigration’ © Fabrice Coffrini/AFP/Getty ImagesSwitzerland will hold a vote on a radical proposal to cap the country’s population at 10mn people, a move that could threaten crucial agreements with the EU and limit companies’ access to skilled foreign workers.The initiative, which attracted the required 100,000 signatures to force a national poll under the European nation’s direct democracy system, is backed by the powerful right-wing Swiss People’s Party (SVP) and will be voted on in mid-June, the government said on Wednesday.It seeks to limit Switzerland’s permanent resident population to no more than 10mn people before 2050, and to trigger measures if the population exceeds 9.5mn before then. These would include limiting numbers in the areas of asylum and family reunification.The country’s current population is 9.1mn people and Switzerland has a high level of immigration, as people are drawn by its high wages and quality of life. It has one of the largest proportions of foreign residents in Europe, at 27 per cent according to official figures, and its population has grown some 25 per cent since 2000, much higher than most neighbouring countries.The Swiss referendum comes amid a broader surge in public unease over high immigration across Europe, where concerns about pressure on housing, public services and labour markets have fuelled support for far-right parties championing stricter migration controls in multiple countries.Domestic support for the vote is high, with rising frustration at housing shortages and what proponents have decried as “unchecked immigration”.The SVP, the country’s largest party, argues the “population explosion” is overwhelming infrastructure, destroying the environment and driving rents even higher.“After the influx of over 180,000 people in a single year, action must finally be taken,” said the party, which is campaigning actively for the “sustainability initiative”.A recent poll by research group LeeWas of more than 10,000 people found 48 per cent of respondents were supportive of the measure, indicating a tight vote.Michael Hermann, a pollster and political pundit at research firm Sotomo, said it had done two polls on the proposal, which showed 60 per cent of Swiss voters wanted to restrict immigration. “It is 50/50 in my opinion on this initiative being successful. Initiatives normally start with a high degree of people saying they would vote yes but it decreases as the vote approaches,” he said.If the population exceeds 10mn, the government would have to use every available policy tool to reduce it under the proposal, including renegotiating or terminating international agreements that drive population growth, such as the free movement of people between Switzerland and the EU. According to some of the more extreme predictions, the population could reach 10mn as soon as 2035.However, the initiative does not spell out a detailed quota or migration-management system, it only imposes a hard cap, which would translate into a near-complete stop on additional workforce immigration once reached, experts warned.If the initiative receives a ‘yes’ vote, it could have far-reaching consequences for the country’s globally focused companies, from consumer goods giant Nestlé to pharmaceuticals groups Novartis and Roche, which rely heavily on foreign talent.Business lobby group Economiesuisse called it a “chaos initiative” and said Swiss companies rely on workers from the EU and Europe Free Trade Association (EFTA) area to fill jobs. Without them, companies might relocate abroad, lose tax revenue, see innovation slow and service levels fall, it warned.“There have been some anti-immigration initiatives before but we have never seen such an extreme fixed-cap proposal before,” said Economiesuisse’s chief economist Rudolf Minsch.The lobby group’s research paper on the proposal highlights that EU/EFTA workers contribute disproportionately to the Swiss pension system relative to benefits drawn, meaning curbing immigration would also strain social insurance finances.It would also potentially derail a carefully negotiated new deal agreed last year between Bern and Brussels to keep and improve Switzerland’s access to the EU’s single market.The Swiss federal council — the country’s executive branch — as well as Parliament have both recommended rejecting the vote, warning it would endanger economic growth as well as derail key treaties. There is also the risk that Switzerland might no longer participate in the Schengen and Dublin systems, the council warned.Support for the proposal was indicative of huge pressure on infrastructure and schools as well as severe housing shortages, said Christian Joppke, a professor of sociology at the University of Bern. “But if this initiative is accepted it will be disastrous.”
Trump’s policies will add $1.4tn to US deficit over next decade, CBO saysCongressional watchdog warns that Washington’s public finances are ‘not sustainable’The CBO raised its estimate of cumulative deficits to 2035 by 6% following the implementation of the president’s sweeping tax and spending bill and his immigration policies © Bryan Dozier/ZUMA Press Wire/Reuters ConnectDonald Trump’s policies will expand the federal budget deficit by $1.4tn over the coming decade, Congress’s fiscal watchdog has warned, driving up public debt and leaving government finances on an unsustainable path.The Congressional Budget Office on Wednesday raised its estimate of cumulative deficits to the end of 2035 by 6 per cent, compared with a previous forecast last January, following the implementation of the president’s sweeping tax and spending bill and his immigration policies.It said the annual deficit would rise from $1.9tn this year to $3.1tn by 2036, pushing federal debt levels beyond their second world war record as soon as 2030.“Our budget projections continue to indicate that the fiscal trajectory is not sustainable,” said CBO director Phillip Swagel.The warning from the CBO, a non-partisan agency that sits within the legislative branch of government, will add to already heightened investor concerns about the scale of the US debt pile.“There’s no sugarcoating it: America’s fiscal health is increasingly dire,” said Jonathan Burks at the Bipartisan Policy Center. “Our debt is now 100 per cent of GDP, and rather than pumping the brakes, we are accelerating.”The 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act, the president’s flagship fiscal law, which extended tax cuts from his first term, will increase deficits by $4.7tn by 2035, the CBO said on Wednesday. The administration’s crackdown on immigration will add a further $500bn.The rise will be offset in part by revenues from the president’s tariffs on trading partners, lowering overall deficit levels by about $3tn.The widening deficits will push debt from 101 per cent of GDP this year to 108 per cent by 2030, eclipsing the previous high of 106 per cent in 1946 in the wake of the second world war. By 2036 it is set to reach 120 per cent.The US government debt market is five times the size it was in 2008, and investors have long been worried that the supply of Treasury debt is straining the limits of demand.The scale of debt on offer has hit prices and helped lift yields on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note, which sets the rate at which the government borrows money, as well as mortgage rates. The Trump administration, intent on lowering the deficit and making housing more affordable, has expressed a desire to lower long-dated Treasury yields.“The fiscal trajectory of the US still needs some fixing in the longer run,” said Gennadiy Goldberg, head of US interest rates, TD Securities. “The CBO’s estimate will add to the narrative that the US fiscal picture is unsustainable.”Other analysts warned that the extent of the borrowing would leave the US unable to take adequate steps in the face of any unexpected downturns.“A healthy balance sheet is critical for a growing economy, national security and the ability to respond to unforeseen emergencies,” said Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.“With debt around 100 per cent of GDP and growing, we will enter the next crisis with a higher debt-to-GDP ratio than we ever have had before.”Goldberg at TD Securities cautioned that significant uncertainty remained around tariffs, with a pending case before the Supreme Court set to determine the legality of many of the president’s levies.“A lot of these numbers could also change significantly depending on the outcome . . . I think the CBO is making their estimate in a really uncertain environment,” he said.
Cita de: Flipback en Febrero 09, 2026, 21:02:06 pmAl hilo de los comentarios de @Newclo y @AndanteAl campo no nos podemos dedicar y a la industria tampoco, ya que hemos aceptado plenamente eso que llaman la 'división internacional del trabajo', que consiste en que unos países venden bienes manufacturados, otros materias primas y nosotros... no vamos a vender nada segun parece. Como somos "liberales" no nos gustan los aranceles, así que ya nos podemos ir olvidando de una gran parte de la economía productiva. Por si quedaba alguna duda los acuerdos de libre comercio lo dejan todo bastante claro. Entonces solo nos queda fortalecer nuestro mercado interno pero... ¿qué podemos producir a un coste que compita con los bienes de consumo que importamos a bajo precio? (dumping laboral, social y medio-ambiental)De los 'servicios avanzados' parece que nos podemos ir olvidando. También nos dicen que nos olvidemos de cualquier 'trabajo de oficina', mientras adornan sus amenazas con cientos de miles de despidos en todo el mundo, que no son resultado de la IA sino de la automatización de procesos y de la deslocalización. Al campo no, a la fábrica no, a la oficina tampoco... Normal que haya planes para seguir aumentando el número de beneficiarios del IMVAlguna vez habrá que hablar de 'factores de localización económica' y 'factores de localización de la población'. Los primeros determinan los segundos en gran parte. A partir de ahora, ¿cuáles van a ser los nuevos factores de localización de la población? Sólo de pensarlo entra la risa floja...Si atendemos a la iniciativa E6 del ministro de finanzas alemán Lars Klingbeil (Alemania, Francia, Italia, España, Polonia, Países Bajos) para acelerar en la UE (decisiones rápidas en materia de defensa y soberanía), industria militar, financiación, Euro digital, energía.. este club motor a parte de ser las 6 economías mas fuertes de la UE, parece que busca ser lo mas robusto y autosuficiente posible, cada país aporta algo al resto:La IA dice esto:Alemania --> capacidad industrial / militar de artillería y blindados además del músculo financiero.. soberanía económicaFrancia--> Tecnología militar (Rafale..), disuasión nuclear.. soberanía frente a bloques con poder nuclearItalia--> Tecnología naval, microelectrónica, soberanía tecnológicaEspaña--> Hub energético (Renovables, hidrogeno verde..) soberanía energéticaPolonia--> Ejercito terrestre, escudo del este Países Bajos--> expertise financiero internacional, soberanía financiera UE frente Wall StreetAsí que parece que la financiación se va a destinar en nuestro país de manera mas fuerte en asuntos de soberanía energética, y potenciar en la medida de nuestro país, la industria de defensa / tecnología y sector financiero al sol del del euro digital :-) Pero además para España supone dejar de lado el papel de periférico en la UE a ser central y director del nuevo motor de la UE una oportunidad que era de recibo y lógica.Este parece ser el plan. Evidentemente no hay soberanía total en ningún ámbito, sino que se apunta a trabajar en esa dirección y mejorar en cada apartado.
¿Qué leches están haciendo los jugadores popularcapitalistas tonteando con el fascismo?
Anthropic's senior AI safety researcher Mrinank Sharma quits, says 'the world is in peril'Mrinank Sharma’s resignation comes at a time when debates around AI risk, alignment and the societal impact of advanced models are intensifying globally.Mrinank Sharma, a senior AI safety researcher and head of the Safeguards Research Team at Anthropic, has resigned from the company, marking a rare and public departure from one of the world’s most influential artificial intelligence firms.Sharma, who joined Anthropic in 2023, announced his decision through a public resignation note in which he framed his exit not as a career move, but as a moral and philosophical choice. Anthropic, led by chief executive officer Dario Amodei, is widely known for its Claude AI models and its emphasis on building safer and more responsible artificial intelligence systems.Sharma’s resignation comes at a time when debates around AI risk, alignment and the societal impact of advanced models are intensifying globally.‘The world is in peril’In his resignation letter, Sharma warned that the dangers facing humanity go beyond artificial intelligence alone.“The world is in peril," he wrote, adding that the threat does not come only from AI but from “a whole series of interconnected crises unfolding in this very moment."He suggested that humanity’s ability to shape and influence the world has grown much faster than its collective wisdom, creating a dangerous imbalance that could have serious consequences.Sharma also pointed to a gap between stated values and real-world action inside large organisations.“Throughout my time here, I’ve repeatedly seen how hard it is to truly let our values govern our actions," he wrote, referring both to himself and to the broader institutional environment.Turning away from AI workRather than continuing his work on improving AI systems, Sharma said he feels drawn in a different direction.He noted that while efforts to make AI more transparent or less sycophantic are important, they no longer feel like the most urgent response to the current moment. Instead, he said he wants to focus on writing as a way of engaging with the world more directly.Sharma argued for the importance of “poetic truth alongside scientific truth," saying both are necessary to understand reality during times of rapid technological and social change.He added that he now hopes to pursue a poetry degree and devote himself to what he described as “the practice of courageous speech."Who is Mrinank SharmaMrinank Sharma is an AI researcher of Indian origin with an academic background from leading global institutions. He holds a DPhil in Machine Learning from the University of Oxford and a Master of Engineering in Machine Learning from the University of Cambridge.At Anthropic, Sharma led the Safeguards Research Team, which was set up in February last year. The team focused on reducing risks in advanced AI systems, including behavioural concerns and alignment challenges, as the company positioned itself as a leader in AI safety.His departure stands out in an industry where senior researchers rarely leave on openly philosophical grounds, and it adds to broader questions about whether technical safety work alone is enough to address the challenges posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence.
Cita de: asustadísimos en Hoy a las 11:49:45¿Qué leches están haciendo los jugadores popularcapitalistas tonteando con el fascismo? Para mí es evidente que han visto la fuerza del leviathán, el cual por ahora está de su parte (leyes). Y lo quieren controlar.Únase a la soberbia propietaria derechizante y el miedo a ser desposeído por... vagos, inmigrantes o el enemigo externo que corresponda.Prietas las filas.Se ve clarísimamente en la deriva estadounidense, tratando de amoldar la realidad a un idealismo inalcanzable.Esto solo puede acabar en fracaso.Solo esperemos que no sea (muy) violento.
El XV Plan Quinquenal (2026-2030) da una especial relevancia a:• la autosuficiencia tecnológica total antes de 2035, con inversiones masivas en inteligencia artificial, semiconductores, biotecnología y sector aeroespacial.• crear una estrategia de “doble circulación reforzada”, donde el mercado interno es el eje principal con la firme intención de reducir la dependencia de mercados externos cambiantes o distorsionados por las sanciones ilegales de EE.UU. y sus acólitos. • reforzar la seguridad en sectores estratégicos.• acelerar la transición energética, con metas más ambiciosas en energías limpias y reducción de emisiones.• erradicar la pobreza extrema y mejorar la calidad de vida básica.• incorporar más participación pública y revisión crítica del plan anterior, con expertos en educación, industria y economía danto mayor transparencia al proceso.En síntesis, el XIV Plan Quinquenal es una etapa de transición estructural, centrada en el equilibrio entre innovación, ecología y bienestar social. El XV Plan, en cambio, asume una posición más estratégica y defensiva, priorizando la autonomía, seguridad y liderazgo global en innovación, con la meta específica de sustentar la modernización socialista hacia 2035.El XV Plan Quinquenal es un trampolín que pondrá a China en disposición de alcanzar sus grandes metas en 2035:1. Ser líder global en innovación, con un ecosistema científico robusto y totalmente autónomo(independiente de las cadenas de suministro internacionales que puedan ser cortadas o manipuladas por países extranjeros).2. Conseguir una transición energética acelerada, con fuerte inversión en energías renovables y reducción de emisiones contaminantes (tanto por cuestiones medioambientales como por independencia energética, ya que la energía es el motor que impulsa la sociedad en todos sus aspectos).3. Duplicar la renta per cápita respecto a 2020, reducir las desigualdades regionales y mejorar el acceso a servicios públicos (para así conseguir una sociedad más cohesionada y feliz, a la par de convertirse en la esencia del consumo interno que el país necesita para garantizar su independencia económica).4. China fortalecerá su capacidad de defensa y seguridad económica, con especial atención a la protección de datos, infraestructuras críticas y soberanía digital(porque China es muy consciente del escenario geopolítico actual y se prepara ante él).