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A los 55 años, y después de toda una vida cosiendo, tomó otra decisión importante: montar su propio taller. Lo hizo en la calle Socorro de A Coruña. Esta vez sin prisas. "Veíamos que la guerra no terminaba y decidimos quedarnos".
DEL LAZARILLO DE TORMES A CAÑITAS & FRUTA.— [...]España se considerará un país miembro de la UE no urgentemente necesitado. Y se mirará en el espejo y se enfrentará a su destino pobretón, forjado por sí misma, pobretón por haber solo sabido jugar a esa odiosa fábrica de pobreza que es el timo del Ladrillo.Todo volverá a su ser español. Se desempolvará la desamortización de las manos muertas. Pero ya no será el liberalismo auténtico, incipiente en Godoy, madurado con Mendizábal, Madoz y Canalejas. El liberalismo ha degenerado. Ahora son una secta individualista dogmática, degradadora del dinero y sostenida por telepredicadores con tirantes elásticos, pajarita de gomas y gafitas de colores.Y los liberales clásicos españoles dejarán el sitio a planificadores centralizados 'alla cinese', lo que requerirá someter a vascos, catalanes y gallegos a la plataforma común española, como diría Stalin.Viajar en avión volverá a ser un lujo y España se arrepentirá de lo qué ha hecho con su patrimonio durante siglo y medio (desde los 1930) y especialmente en el periodo 1986-2026, cuando los estafadorcillos capitalistitas de activos ficticios y facturas falsas hicieron buena la picaresca del Siglo de Oro.
Sun Tzu’s Advice for Donald Trump, Stephen S. RoachAndrew Caballero-Reynolds/AFP via Getty ImagesAmid a series of massive, illegal policy blunders, US President Donald Trump has set his sights on stabilizing relations with Chinese President Xi Jinping at their May summit. But it will probably go poorly because Trump is incapable of understanding the importance of strategy, a lesson that China's leaders have long grasped.NEW HAVEN—Rumor has it that last year, US President Donald Trump delayed his so-called Liberation Day tariff announcement by a day, to April 2, because he didn’t want his unconstitutional trade “emergency” to come across as an April Fools’ Day hoax. This year, Trump defied the calendar with an address to the nation on April 1, touting yet another unconstitutional act—a war with Iran conducted without congressional approval.Both moves have much in common. Not only do they flout the law, but they also attempt to drive a stake into the heart of the world order. Last year’s tariff shock was aimed at the rules-based global trading system established by the United States. This year’s military shock is aimed at the Middle East, long the world’s most volatile region.Trump committed these reckless acts without any regard for their likely consequences. No surprise, both have backfired. Despite sky-high “reciprocal” tariffs against America’s purportedly abusive trading partners, the US trade deficit hit a new record in 2025. And despite all the bluster about obliterating Iran’s military power, Iranian missiles and drones continue to wreak havoc in the Middle East, while the country’s strategic chokehold on the Strait of Hormuz has led to the world’s largest-ever oil shock.Amid these failures, Trump has set his sights on stabilizing relations and building rapport with China, America’s most formidable strategic competitor. That has meant bending over backward to preserve his upcoming summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping, currently scheduled for May 14–15. After postponing the meeting once already due to complications from his war of choice, Trump is so desperate to cut a deal with his “good friend” that he recently turned over a drug smuggler and trafficker to China as a demonstration of good faith. Others claim the summit timeline has been extended to enable Trump to travel triumphantly to Beijing after having declared victory over Iran.Whatever the reason, America will be at a distinct disadvantage at the summit. Trump needs a win more than Xi does. The Chinese leader is perfectly content to sit back and watch his American counterpart debase himself.A deeper perspective can be found in the counsel of Sun Tzu, ancient China’s renowned warrior-philosopher. In The Art of War, he stressed that, “When your strategy is deep and far-reaching … you can win before you even fight.” That certainly applies to Xi and his willingness to observe, rather than counter, his adversary. It also applies to Trump and his lack of forethought in declaring a false trade emergency and waging an illegal war.Iran, for its part, understands the importance of strategy. Despite suffering leadership decapitation and significant damage from the US-Israeli air campaign, Iran maintains a major strategic advantage with its chokehold on the Strait of Hormuz. The real question is why the US did not figure this out.Look no further than the new National Security Strategy released by the Trump administration late last year. The word “Iran” appeared only two times in the 29-page document. Of course, Trump’s short-sighted fixation on the tactics of obliteration may also have had something to do with it. But why didn’t Trump think strategically before he acted impulsively?The answer can be found in Sun Tzu’s emphasis on the importance of advice. Trump acts on the basis of personal whim. He wants to be surrounded by sycophants, rather than honest brokers who speak truth to power. Scornful of experts, Trump has stated that the war will end when “I feel it, feel it in my bones.” Sun Tzu, arguing for discipline and reason, wrote, “Assess the advantages in taking advice, then structure your forces accordingly … strategically, based on what is advantageous.”A deal-focused Donald Trump does not have a strategic bone in his body. He emphasizes the number of wars he has allegedly ended (ten, according to his latest tally), tariff revenue (purportedly from abroad), and exaggerated amounts of investment committed by foreign countries to rebuild US capacity. Never mind that these claims are all fictitious—they are now deeply ingrained in the gospel of MAGA and its leader.By contrast, Xi represents a tradition, dating back to Sun Tzu, that elevates strategy to the highest order. While that does not always work out perfectly for China—I have my own concerns about the efficacy of the current economic rebalancing strategy—the Chinese leadership deserves enormous credit for the value it places on strategic thinking.The May summit between Xi and Trump is shaping up to be an historic mismatch between a strategist taking the long view and a false prophet proclaiming his supposed successes. Trump, as always, will spin a tale of lies and distortion, underscoring the contrast between The Art of the Deal and The Art of War. Sun Tzu’s perspective would insist that “The one with many strategic factors in his favor wins.”For two consecutive years, Trump has made massive, illegal policy blunders. I am already worrying about 2027. By that point, if current polling is any indication, Trump’s MAGA faction will have lost control of at least one house of Congress, and American-style autocracy will hopefully be in decline. But an unpopular, angry, and vindictive president will be licking his wounds, intent on retaliating ahead of the 2028 election cycle.This is not a risk to take lightly. It will be up to a new congressional leadership to right the course for the US. Sun Tzu gets the final word on that possibility: “Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and sternness.”
Trump’s Tragedy of Errors, Joseph E. StiglitzRegardless of how long US President Donald Trump’s ill-advised war and today’s stagflationary conditions last, the long-run consequences will be profound. Fancying himself an absolute monarch, Trump has broken something he cannot fix and unleashed forces he cannot control.NEW YORK—It is true, as Alexander Pope once said, that to err is human. But while everyone is fallible, some humans are more prone to error than others. That is a justification for democracy—for subjecting decisions that affect large numbers of people to deliberative processes that include checks and balances. The history of authoritarian and absolutist political rule is rife with figures whose mistakes proved calamitous not just for themselves but for the societies they ruled.No decision is more important than waging war against another country. Yet the United States has done exactly that without even a nod to its own system of checks and balances and reasoned deliberation. Like the kings of old, America’s mendacious, impulsive president, Donald Trump, remains unchecked by the legislature and surrounded by sycophants who will tell him only what he wants to hear. The disastrous result is now clear: America is once again embroiled in a Middle East war that has already cost thousands of lives—mostly civilians—and in which it has almost certainly committed multiple war crimes.No one knows how long the war with Iran will last, how many more war crimes will be committed, or how many more innocents will be killed. But Americans are apparently so inured to Trump’s violations of human rights and the rule of law and so overwhelmed by the constant flood of breaking news that they have barely mustered any protest. Even at our universities, usually hubs of protest and dissent, fear reigns. As under all repressive regimes, the threat of economic consequences or worse—losing one’s visa or facing expulsion from the country or a criminal investigation—is achieving its intended effect.As an economist, I am frequently asked what Trump’s war of choice against Iran will mean for the US and global economies. The short answer is that the longer it lasts, the greater the damage will be. But even if the war ends quickly, the effects will linger. After all, critical supply chains have already been disrupted, and oil and gas production facilities destroyed. Most estimates suggest that repairs will take years.Moreover, it is not just oil and gas supplies that have been endangered. Unlike the oil embargoes of the 1970s, the fertilizer production on which global food systems depend has been jeopardized as well. This crisis also comes fast on the heels of other major global economic disruptions—from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to Trump’s global tariff war and destruction of the rules-based system of international trade—all of which have contributed to rising inflation and a widening affordability crisis.Before Trump returned to the White House, inflation was on a downward trend, though still well above central bankers’ beloved 2% target. But the tariffs markedly slowed this trend, and inflation has taken off globally once again. With many countries, including America, already facing an affordability crisis that US policies have made worse, the risk now is that central bankers everywhere will either raise interest rates or at least slow the pace at which they were lowering them.That, in turn, will exacerbate the affordability crisis—because buying a house or paying down a credit card will become more difficult—and slow a US economy already shaken by the trauma of Trump’s erratic trade, immigration, and fiscal policies. Were it not for the unbridled spending on AI data centers—supporting some one-third of US growth—the US economy would be truly anemic. And with Trump’s regressive tax cuts for billionaires and corporations now in force, the US has less fiscal space to buffer the disruptions he has caused and those that AI may bring—from job dislocations to the collapse of the tech bubble.Trump’s claim that the US will benefit as a net oil exporter is nonsense. Yes, Exxon will benefit, but US consumers pay prices that are set globally—and that have risen substantially. Under such conditions, the US obviously should impose a windfall-profits tax. But that will not happen under an administration so thoroughly captured by the fossil-fuel industry.America’s erstwhile allies in Europe are also being battered by the Trump-induced increase in energy prices and supply shortages. If European policymakers tie electricity prices to gas prices (as they did early in the Ukraine war), they could make matters even worse. But if Europe adopts a strategy to restore its sovereignty by reducing its dependencies on US technology and defense, it could strengthen its position now and over the long term.Regardless of how long the war and the current stagflationary conditions last, the long-run consequences of this episode will be profound. One hopes the world will recognize that the “variability” of sun and wind power is far more manageable than continued dependence on fossil fuels, which are subject to the whims of erratic authoritarian figures like Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin. If Trump’s war accelerates the green transition globally, it will have a significant silver lining.In any case, yet another nail has been added to the coffin of the peaceful, borderless world that our forebearers sought to build after World War II. Under Trump, the country that laid the foundations of that world is now dismantling it. Between the new cold war with China and the apparent lack of resilience in global supply chains, there is little cause for optimism. And with democracy in the US in such a weakened state, the human errors and their consequences are piling up fast.