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Marc Vidal, inversor: "El 85% de los jóvenes vive con sus padres y no es por los salarios ni por el precio de la vivienda, sino por el tipo de nóminas que tienen"El experto económico explica que la mayoría de jóvenes no puede emanciparse debido a un mercado laboral basado en sectores de baja productividad que impide la mejora de los salarios(...) Según Vidal, el principal obstáculo no son únicamente los salarios bajos, un problema común en otros países donde los jóvenes sí se emancipan antes. La raíz del problema reside en el tipo de nóminas y en la especialización de España en sectores que no pueden crecer en productividad como la hostelería, los cuidados, el comercio minorista o la pequeña industria básica.Estos sectores, explica el analista, tienen "un techo de productividad incorporado en el propio origen". Pone como ejemplos que "un camarero puede atender más mesas, pero tiene un límite" o que "un auxiliar de enfermería no puede cuidar a 20 pacientes a la vez". La conclusión de Vidal es clara: "cuando la productividad no sube, pues los salarios tampoco pueden subir de una forma sostenida".(...)Una reflexión final compartida por Carlos Herrera resume la cuestión central del debate. No se trata de un problema de acceso a la vivienda, sino de la remuneración que reciben los trabajadores. "El problema no es el precio de la vivienda, el problema es el precio del trabajo", sentenció el comunicador.
Desamparo...https://www.cope.es/programas/herrera-en-cope/salida-de-emergencia/audios/marc-vidal-inversor-85-jovenes-vive-padres-no-salarios-precio-vivienda-tipo-nominas-laborales-20260526_3370876.htmlCitarMarc Vidal, inversor: "El 85% de los jóvenes vive con sus padres y no es por los salarios ni por el precio de la vivienda, sino por el tipo de nóminas que tienen"El experto económico explica que la mayoría de jóvenes no puede emanciparse debido a un mercado laboral basado en sectores de baja productividad que impide la mejora de los salarios(...) Según Vidal, el principal obstáculo no son únicamente los salarios bajos, un problema común en otros países donde los jóvenes sí se emancipan antes. La raíz del problema reside en el tipo de nóminas y en la especialización de España en sectores que no pueden crecer en productividad como la hostelería, los cuidados, el comercio minorista o la pequeña industria básica.Estos sectores, explica el analista, tienen "un techo de productividad incorporado en el propio origen". Pone como ejemplos que "un camarero puede atender más mesas, pero tiene un límite" o que "un auxiliar de enfermería no puede cuidar a 20 pacientes a la vez". La conclusión de Vidal es clara: "cuando la productividad no sube, pues los salarios tampoco pueden subir de una forma sostenida".(...)Una reflexión final compartida por Carlos Herrera resume la cuestión central del debate. No se trata de un problema de acceso a la vivienda, sino de la remuneración que reciben los trabajadores. "El problema no es el precio de la vivienda, el problema es el precio del trabajo", sentenció el comunicador.
Cita de: Derby en Hoy a las 16:31:39Desamparo...https://www.cope.es/programas/herrera-en-cope/salida-de-emergencia/audios/marc-vidal-inversor-85-jovenes-vive-padres-no-salarios-precio-vivienda-tipo-nominas-laborales-20260526_3370876.htmlCitarMarc Vidal, inversor: "El 85% de los jóvenes vive con sus padres y no es por los salarios ni por el precio de la vivienda, sino por el tipo de nóminas que tienen"El experto económico explica que la mayoría de jóvenes no puede emanciparse debido a un mercado laboral basado en sectores de baja productividad que impide la mejora de los salarios(...) Según Vidal, el principal obstáculo no son únicamente los salarios bajos, un problema común en otros países donde los jóvenes sí se emancipan antes. La raíz del problema reside en el tipo de nóminas y en la especialización de España en sectores que no pueden crecer en productividad como la hostelería, los cuidados, el comercio minorista o la pequeña industria básica.Estos sectores, explica el analista, tienen "un techo de productividad incorporado en el propio origen". Pone como ejemplos que "un camarero puede atender más mesas, pero tiene un límite" o que "un auxiliar de enfermería no puede cuidar a 20 pacientes a la vez". La conclusión de Vidal es clara: "cuando la productividad no sube, pues los salarios tampoco pueden subir de una forma sostenida".(...)Una reflexión final compartida por Carlos Herrera resume la cuestión central del debate. No se trata de un problema de acceso a la vivienda, sino de la remuneración que reciben los trabajadores. "El problema no es el precio de la vivienda, el problema es el precio del trabajo", sentenció el comunicador.Tócate los coj... Marc Vidal. Así que la productividad de ciertas profesiones no puede subir, por lo que los sueldos tampoco. Así que aceptamos que una parte de la población que ya ha llegado a su límite de productividad nunca pueda acceder a una vivienda (porque el problema no es el precio de la vivienda ¿verdad?).Espero que el día que necesites que te cuiden tengas dinero ahorrado para pagar en base a tus necesidades, porque como vivas en una gran ciudad con escasez de cuidadores te vas a enterar de lo que es "el precio del trabajo", miserable. Que diga eso precisamente en España donde vivimos de hostelería, pymes, servicios y comercio minorista, y donde SIEMPRE se ha vivido bien trabajando en uno de esos sectores. Que un camarero en los 80 pudiera tener piso propio, una familia y vacaciones ¿qué era Marc Vidal? ¿su productividad era más alta? ¿su sueldo?Está todo infectado. Qué falta hace una buena purga de hijos de..
Europe’s banks embrace AI — and confront the price of dependence on US techCitarSynopsisThe finance industry is rapidly adopting AI, but soaring costs for computing power and AI assistants like Claude are creating financial strain. This is prompting a shift towards building in-house models and potentially industry consolidation, as firms question the long-term pricing and dependence on US tech giants.The finance industry’s love of artificial intelligence has reached fever pitch — even in Europe, that traditional tech laggard. Beyond headline-grabbing announcements at HSBC Holdings Plc, or tin-eared ones from Standard Chartered Plc, ask any fund manager, banker or trader and you’re likely to hear stories of increasing adoption and experimentation.Examples range from the humdrum to finance’s brainier realms: Compiling analyst recommendations into a personal automated rating system; training a chatbot in portfolio allocation ideas that don’t just give the same idea in three different ways; and the heavy lifting on writing code for whizzy quant traders.But if there’s a catch right now, it’s cost. Supply constraints are pinching all parts of the AI ecosystem, particularly computing power. Users of Anthropic PBC’s popular AI assistant, Claude, are grumbling about soaring prices. Even Anthropic’s recent deal with SpaceX to increase its processing capacity hasn’t fully absorbed demand from its customers for expensive, computation-hungry tasks. Ergo, the price keeps going up.Financiers’ gripes about the cost of Claude — a favorite for banker geeks — are starting to sound like those from the tech industry. The bill is on track to rise from tens of thousands of dollars for a single firm to several million.Rampant demand from white-collar types is, of course, a good problem to have for companies like Anthropic who can impose price rises that might start to justify the AI industry’s epic losses and hype-fueled valuations. Dario Amodei’s company is on track for its first profitable quarter and is mulling a stock-market listing as early as October.But the rapid adoption of AI agents, which can perform tasks independently, and their soaring expense create new quandaries for finance customers even as they can see the advantages. This adds to pressure on a firm’s profitability and is driving cost cuts in other parts of these businesses. It creates fears, too, of being handcuffed to particular AI companies as core IT skills shift to outside suppliers, usually American.No wonder the boss of StanChart touched a nerve with his ill-judged comments about “lower-value” human capital giving way to financial and investment capital as part of the bank’s AI push. It could be construed as salaried employees paying the price for the technology’s increasingly high costs. As one analyst put it to the bank: “The AI companies of today are not making any money and are spending a lot… Is it a problem that we don’t really know how they’ll be charging in a year or two from now?”The behavior of banks and other financial users are likely to evolve. Indeed, we may already be moving away from a “token-maxxing” mindset — whereby heavy spending on AI processing power is a badge of honor regardless of whether it’s wasted — into a more grown up phase, according to users and analysts. I’ve been told of several examples where financial services are shifting to building in-house models for tasks that don’t need an all-knowing external LLM.“Not every task needs a frontier model,” says Christopher Tozzi, author of a history on open-source software. That might encourage some surprise corporate thinking. Maybe “lower-value” humans who can build and maintain a chatbot that’s cheaper than an outside one will have a valuable skill.Finance firms might even do the unimaginable and club together, to better absorb AI costs from without and to share expertise on in-house models. This industry has never been good at sharing tech or data, with banks and asset managers usually trying to get one up on their rivals. Nor has it been good at cross-border mergers that make sense but are politically difficult, such as UniCredit SpA’s tilt at Commerzbank AG. Maybe AI is the catalyst that will revolutionize capital allocation and finally consolidate the industry, especially in Europe’s overbanked parts. Perhaps UniCredit’s boss Andrea Orcel should show German Chancellor Friedrich Merz the banks’ expected AI budgets.For now, few anticipate that Anthropic’s or OpenAI’s competitive moats will be crossed anytime soon. AI evangelists are probably right that the fear of missing out is strong enough today that any chance of an edge against a competitor will keep the finance crowd spending. Tech expenditure by governments and companies is set to rise almost 8% in 2026, the biggest increase in years, according to Forrester data. There are some parallels with cloud computing, where firms started building some stuff in-house without doing too much harm to the profits of Silicon Valley and Seattle. And, of course, AI is deepening Europe’s geopolitical dependence on US tech giants such as Amazon.com Inc.But having seen some users successfully experiment with creating their own models, reducing though not eliminating the spending burden, I do wonder if this time there will be more pressure to avoid outsourcing too much too quickly. Lost in the furor around Bill Winters’ AI comment was a more cautious line: “We are... being very, very thoughtful on the cost of AI.” If that encourages more European corporate self-help, so much the better.
SynopsisThe finance industry is rapidly adopting AI, but soaring costs for computing power and AI assistants like Claude are creating financial strain. This is prompting a shift towards building in-house models and potentially industry consolidation, as firms question the long-term pricing and dependence on US tech giants.
Blackstone toma el control total de Quasar, el vehículo inmobiliario que heredó Santander de Banco PopularEn agosto de 2017, Santander anunció el acuerdo de venta del 51% a Blackstone de la carteraSede de Blackstone. EFELa semana pasada, la sociedad Project Quasar Investments 2017 SL informó en el Boletín Oficial del Registro Mercantil (Borme) que pasaba a ser una sociedad con un solo socio, Quasar Investment Sarl. Esta es la sociedad a través de la cual Blackstone controla su participación. El diario ‘Expansión’ informó primero de esta noticia.A mediados del año pasado, se hizo público que en 2024 Santander había reducido su participación en Quasar al 2,94%. Esta reducción de la participación se produjo en el marco de una ‘operación acordeón’ realizada por la sociedad para sanearse económicamente, que consistió en una reducción de capital y una ampliación de capital simultánea, de modo que Blackstone, que ya poseía el 51%, alcanzó más del 97%.En agosto de 2017, Santander anunció el acuerdo de venta del 51% a Blackstone de la cartera de inmuebles adjudicados, créditos dudosos procedentes del sector inmobiliario y otros activos relacionados con la actividad inmobiliaria procedentes del Banco Popular, en una operación que constituyó una de las mayores de la historia inmobiliaria española.El valor de los activos traspasados a Quasar fue de unos 10.000 millones de euros en aquel momento, un valor que se había reducido a unos 3.158 millones de euros en 2024, según las cuentas anuales de Quasar, las últimas disponibles.Para la creación de Quasar, ambos socios realizaron una aportación de capital de 2.928 millones de euros, mientras que se pidió un préstamo de 7.332 millones.
Banks Shed $500 Billion of Corporate Loan Risk in EuropeBanks are going big on a product that’s drawing ever-closer regulatory scrutiny.Lenders have stepped up their reliance on so-called significant risk transfer trades, complex deals in which banks offload some of the default risk from their loan books to hedge funds and other investors.SRTs are booming because they help banks free up capital and boost measures of profitability. But the fast expansion of the market is also prompting authorities to seek greater oversight — and to better understand what risks or contagion could emerge if bad loans surge.Data compiled by Bloomberg shows that about 11.1%, or US$509 billion, of corporate loans at Europe’s major banks were tied to SRT trades at the end of last year. This ratio has nearly doubled since 2022, when it stood at 6.2%.The dollar total reflects the portion retained by banks after offloading their exposure to some loan losses.Hedging European corporate loans through SRTs represents the largest and longest-established part of a broader market. Worth more than US$1.5 trillion, this also spans regions like North America and lending categories such as property and auto loans.FamiliarityAt some banks, the uptake has been even faster. One driver has been to free up capital to fuel growth — either via new lending or through takeovers.At UniCredit SpA, which is seeking to buy Commerzbank AG in Germany, the ratio has surged to 14% from under 1% in three years. Austria’s Erste Group Bank AG, which bought control of Banco Santander SA’s Polish unit in its largest-ever acquisition, was another major SRT issuer last year.Santander ended last year with SRTs hedging risks for 21% of corporate loans. The Spanish bank kept up a similar pace to 2025 in the first quarter of this year, offloading about €10 billion of risk-weighted assets via SRTs.José García Cantera, the bank’s chief financial officer, told investors in April that investor appetite had grown, despite broader market unrest.“Familiarity breeds scale,” said Frank Benhamou, head of SRT at Cheyne Capital Management UK LLP, a London-based investment firm. “The more comfortable issuers become with the product, the more systematically they incorporate it into their capital-management toolkit and the more they issue.”In an SRT, investors agree to shoulder some of the potential losses from soured debts. The agreements often protect banks against the first wave of bad debts in a loan book, and typically cover between 5% and 15% of the overall portfolio.In return, buyers such as hedge funds, pension funds and private credit funds receive coupons that can top 10%. Deals are typically struck quietly with a single buyer or a handful of investors. A recent European Central Bank (ECB) working paper identified 65 non-bank investors in SRTs. Together, this group holds nearly two-thirds of the SRTs that European banks issued from 2018 through 2024.Most SRTs are so-called synthetic securitisations, where a bank keeps the original loans and effectively obtains insurance, often by issuing an instrument known as a credit-linked note. More than €1.3 trillion of assets — equivalent to about US$1.5 trillion — were synthetically securitised between 2016 and 2024, the International Association of Credit Portfolio Managers said in July. A smaller share of deals are traditional securitisations, in which loans are shifted off the bank’s balance sheet.European banks have taken the lead in using SRTs, encouraged by direction from regulators, including ECB guidance issued in 2016. US lenders such as JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America Corp have also issued SRTs, but a shift towards looser capital US requirements has reduced banks’ incentives to do more deals.Trades often involve corporate loans, but banks are stepping up SRTs backed by mortgages, credit cards and other kinds of debt. SRTs based on loans to corporations or smaller businesses made up 47% and 14%, respectively, of all issuance in 2025, according to data compiled by Crescent Capital Group LP, a unit of Sun Life Financial Inc.‘Appropriately engaged’Institutions such as the Bank of England, the ECB and the Bank for International Settlements have warned about potential dangers.“Volumes are rising quickly, and when this happens the interconnections between banks and the non-bank financial sector deepen in ways that are not always fully mapped,” said Pedro Machado, a member of the ECB’s supervisory board, in a May 14 speech. While the market is functioning well, better data is needed, Machado said, adding that governance and risk management at banks must keep pace with the rapid growth.One concern is whether banks might struggle to replace maturing SRTs if credit markets seize up. That could deter buyers, making SRTs so expensive that they are no longer worth issuing. A failure to roll over outstanding instruments could eat into capital ratios and encourage banks to cut back lending, potentially adding to strains on the economy.Another worry: how SRTs are financed. As investors have crowded into the market, returns have fallen, prompting buyers to juice returns with debt. That circularity, where one bank sells risk while another provides leverage to SRT buyers, can reintroduce risk into the banking system.Santander chief financial officer José García Cantera says investor interest in significant risk transfer trades has grown.Bank lending to private credit funds and other shadow banks that buy SRTs “could create ‘circles of risks,’” the Financial Stability Board (FSB) cautioned in May. The FSB, which convenes global central banks, finance ministries and regulators, said authorities should track SRT holdings by private credit investors, and bank lending to these funds.In March, the ECB said it was probing to what extent banks are financing investments in SRTs.For its part, the BOE’s Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) updated rules governing SRTs in January, stressing that banks’ senior managers should be “appropriately engaged” on any deals that cut risk-weighted assets. The PRA has also told Barclays plc, a major issuer, to assess its processes for risk-transfer trades, Bloomberg has reported.Many say the boom has further to run. The market is likely to keep growing at a similarly rapid pace, said Pablo Sinausía Rodríguez, a former official at the ECB and the European Banking Authority. More and more banks are embracing SRTs as they seek to grow and boost shareholder returns, said Sinausía Rodríguez, who is now a director at Caboalto Ltd, a financial consultancy.“There are few indications we have reached ‘Peak SRT’ issuance by European banks other than perhaps for the largest issuers,” said Ledger, the former JPMorgan banker.
Coño... las soluciones himaginativas...Por fin. -----[MODO BURBUJA: Mis dies. OFF]
Cita de: el malo en Hoy a las 17:01:31Cita de: Derby en Hoy a las 16:31:39Desamparo...https://www.cope.es/programas/herrera-en-cope/salida-de-emergencia/audios/marc-vidal-inversor-85-jovenes-vive-padres-no-salarios-precio-vivienda-tipo-nominas-laborales-20260526_3370876.htmlCitarMarc Vidal, inversor: "El 85% de los jóvenes vive con sus padres y no es por los salarios ni por el precio de la vivienda, sino por el tipo de nóminas que tienen"El experto económico explica que la mayoría de jóvenes no puede emanciparse debido a un mercado laboral basado en sectores de baja productividad que impide la mejora de los salarios(...) Según Vidal, el principal obstáculo no son únicamente los salarios bajos, un problema común en otros países donde los jóvenes sí se emancipan antes. La raíz del problema reside en el tipo de nóminas y en la especialización de España en sectores que no pueden crecer en productividad como la hostelería, los cuidados, el comercio minorista o la pequeña industria básica.Estos sectores, explica el analista, tienen "un techo de productividad incorporado en el propio origen". Pone como ejemplos que "un camarero puede atender más mesas, pero tiene un límite" o que "un auxiliar de enfermería no puede cuidar a 20 pacientes a la vez". La conclusión de Vidal es clara: "cuando la productividad no sube, pues los salarios tampoco pueden subir de una forma sostenida".(...)Una reflexión final compartida por Carlos Herrera resume la cuestión central del debate. No se trata de un problema de acceso a la vivienda, sino de la remuneración que reciben los trabajadores. "El problema no es el precio de la vivienda, el problema es el precio del trabajo", sentenció el comunicador.Tócate los coj... Marc Vidal. Así que la productividad de ciertas profesiones no puede subir, por lo que los sueldos tampoco. Así que aceptamos que una parte de la población que ya ha llegado a su límite de productividad nunca pueda acceder a una vivienda (porque el problema no es el precio de la vivienda ¿verdad?).Espero que el día que necesites que te cuiden tengas dinero ahorrado para pagar en base a tus necesidades, porque como vivas en una gran ciudad con escasez de cuidadores te vas a enterar de lo que es "el precio del trabajo", miserable. Que diga eso precisamente en España donde vivimos de hostelería, pymes, servicios y comercio minorista, y donde SIEMPRE se ha vivido bien trabajando en uno de esos sectores. Que un camarero en los 80 pudiera tener piso propio, una familia y vacaciones ¿qué era Marc Vidal? ¿su productividad era más alta? ¿su sueldo?Está todo infectado. Qué falta hace una buena purga de hijos de..No es solo que se desplome la vivienda, que ojalá sea cierto lo que dejan caer los medios, es que tiene que desplomarse todo. Por eso es importante el cisne negro, sea Ormuz, las midterms o lo que sea, que se lo lleve todo por delante. Esto no se arregla sin arrancar de raíz cualquier expectativa de reinicio de este modelo basado en el hijoputismo y en el Auswitchz-Monowitz del que se habló en este foro muchos años. Es un cambio casi civilizatorio lo que hace falta aquí.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/finance-industry-ai-costs-european-banks-anthropic-openai-dependence/articleshow/131321768.cmsCitarEurope’s banks embrace AI — and confront the price of dependence on US techCitarSynopsisThe finance industry is rapidly adopting AI, but soaring costs for computing power and AI assistants like Claude are creating financial strain. This is prompting a shift towards building in-house models and potentially industry consolidation, as firms question the long-term pricing and dependence on US tech giants.The finance industry’s love of artificial intelligence has reached fever pitch — even in Europe, that traditional tech laggard. Beyond headline-grabbing announcements at HSBC Holdings Plc, or tin-eared ones from Standard Chartered Plc, ask any fund manager, banker or trader and you’re likely to hear stories of increasing adoption and experimentation.Examples range from the humdrum to finance’s brainier realms: Compiling analyst recommendations into a personal automated rating system; training a chatbot in portfolio allocation ideas that don’t just give the same idea in three different ways; and the heavy lifting on writing code for whizzy quant traders.But if there’s a catch right now, it’s cost. Supply constraints are pinching all parts of the AI ecosystem, particularly computing power. Users of Anthropic PBC’s popular AI assistant, Claude, are grumbling about soaring prices. Even Anthropic’s recent deal with SpaceX to increase its processing capacity hasn’t fully absorbed demand from its customers for expensive, computation-hungry tasks. Ergo, the price keeps going up.Financiers’ gripes about the cost of Claude — a favorite for banker geeks — are starting to sound like those from the tech industry. The bill is on track to rise from tens of thousands of dollars for a single firm to several million.Rampant demand from white-collar types is, of course, a good problem to have for companies like Anthropic who can impose price rises that might start to justify the AI industry’s epic losses and hype-fueled valuations. Dario Amodei’s company is on track for its first profitable quarter and is mulling a stock-market listing as early as October.But the rapid adoption of AI agents, which can perform tasks independently, and their soaring expense create new quandaries for finance customers even as they can see the advantages. This adds to pressure on a firm’s profitability and is driving cost cuts in other parts of these businesses. It creates fears, too, of being handcuffed to particular AI companies as core IT skills shift to outside suppliers, usually American.No wonder the boss of StanChart touched a nerve with his ill-judged comments about “lower-value” human capital giving way to financial and investment capital as part of the bank’s AI push. It could be construed as salaried employees paying the price for the technology’s increasingly high costs. As one analyst put it to the bank: “The AI companies of today are not making any money and are spending a lot… Is it a problem that we don’t really know how they’ll be charging in a year or two from now?”The behavior of banks and other financial users are likely to evolve. Indeed, we may already be moving away from a “token-maxxing” mindset — whereby heavy spending on AI processing power is a badge of honor regardless of whether it’s wasted — into a more grown up phase, according to users and analysts. I’ve been told of several examples where financial services are shifting to building in-house models for tasks that don’t need an all-knowing external LLM.“Not every task needs a frontier model,” says Christopher Tozzi, author of a history on open-source software. That might encourage some surprise corporate thinking. Maybe “lower-value” humans who can build and maintain a chatbot that’s cheaper than an outside one will have a valuable skill.Finance firms might even do the unimaginable and club together, to better absorb AI costs from without and to share expertise on in-house models. This industry has never been good at sharing tech or data, with banks and asset managers usually trying to get one up on their rivals. Nor has it been good at cross-border mergers that make sense but are politically difficult, such as UniCredit SpA’s tilt at Commerzbank AG. Maybe AI is the catalyst that will revolutionize capital allocation and finally consolidate the industry, especially in Europe’s overbanked parts. Perhaps UniCredit’s boss Andrea Orcel should show German Chancellor Friedrich Merz the banks’ expected AI budgets.For now, few anticipate that Anthropic’s or OpenAI’s competitive moats will be crossed anytime soon. AI evangelists are probably right that the fear of missing out is strong enough today that any chance of an edge against a competitor will keep the finance crowd spending. Tech expenditure by governments and companies is set to rise almost 8% in 2026, the biggest increase in years, according to Forrester data. There are some parallels with cloud computing, where firms started building some stuff in-house without doing too much harm to the profits of Silicon Valley and Seattle. And, of course, AI is deepening Europe’s geopolitical dependence on US tech giants such as Amazon.com Inc.But having seen some users successfully experiment with creating their own models, reducing though not eliminating the spending burden, I do wonder if this time there will be more pressure to avoid outsourcing too much too quickly. Lost in the furor around Bill Winters’ AI comment was a more cautious line: “We are... being very, very thoughtful on the cost of AI.” If that encourages more European corporate self-help, so much the better.
Cita de: sudden and sharp en Ayer a las 17:36:29Coño... las soluciones himaginativas...Por fin. -----[MODO BURBUJA: Mis dies. OFF]Soluciones 'himaginatibas' vs "lo que nos estamos riendo... y lo que nos vamos a reír" . Justicia social o 'justicia poética', a elegirhttps://youtu.be/uJ2cEc_TCH8?si=H-MwSH6Teiqo9HYt