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La teoría del caos controlado se debe Stephen Mann (Chaos Theory and Strategic Thought // Parameters", US Army War College Quarterly, Vol. XXII, Autumn 1992, pp. 54-68). En síntesis, la teoría propone que el caos es consustancial al mundo y que solo EEUU puede administrarlo.
Pero tu no explicas porqué Israel se posiciona para invadir Líbano, a sabiendas de que es la linea roja para que Irán cierre Ormuz y les declare la guerra.
Yo si.De hecho no lo explico yo, son funcionarios estadounidenses los que se muestran "aterrados" por la deriva israelí, que los lleva a un enfrentamiento que no es el suyo.
En cualquier caso, yo solo soy un mensajero.
Fuera
ya todos saben que la extrema derecha cogerá el relevo,
toda vez que la berdadera hizquierda ecolojista se ha dedicado a aumentar su patrimonio inmobiliario.
Leí el otro día que es un 3% de la población española la que tiene uno o dos pisos (o más) alquilados. Así que no. Ni los rojos, ni los falsirojos, ni los ricos, ni los fachas. El banano es de una minoría.[ Tener una segunda vivienda en la playa para ir en verano es perfectamente razonable. ]
Ukraine conference joint communiqué: full textBUERGENSTOCK, Switzerland, June 16 (Reuters) - Following is the complete text of a draft communique issued for the so-called High-level Summit for Peace for Ukraine being hosted in central Switzerland from June 15-16, seen by Reuters on Saturday."Joint Communiqué on a Peace Framework Switzerland,15-16 June 2024"The ongoing war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine continues to cause large-scale human suffering and destruction, and to create risks and crises with global repercussions for the world. We gathered in Switzerland on 15-16 June 2024 to enhance a high-level dialogue on pathways towards a comprehensive, just and lasting peace for Ukraine. We reiterated resolutions A/RES/ES-11/1 and A/RES/ES-11/6 adopted at the UN General Assembly and underscored our commitment to upholding International Law including the United Nations Charter."This Summit was built on the previous discussions that have taken place based on Ukraine's Peace Formula and other peace proposals which are in line with international law, including the United Nations Charter."We deeply appreciate Switzerland's hospitality and its initiative to host the High-Level Summit as expression of its firm commitment to promoting international peace and security."We had a fruitful, comprehensive and constructive exchange of various views on pathways towards a framework for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace, based on international law, including the United Nations Charter. In particular, we reaffirm our commitment to refraining from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, the principles of sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of all states, including Ukraine, within their internationally recognized borders, including territorial waters, and the resolution of disputes through peaceful means as principles of international law."We, furthermore, have a common vision on the following crucial aspects:"1) Firstly, any use of nuclear energy and nuclear installations must be safe, secured, safe-guarded and environmentally sound. Ukrainian nuclear power plants and installations, including Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, must operate safely and securely under full sovereign control of Ukraine and in line with IAEA principles and under its supervision."Any threat or use of nuclear weapons in the context of the ongoing war against Ukraine is inadmissible."2) Secondly, global food security depends on uninterrupted manufacturing and supply of food products. In this regard, free, full and safe commercial navigation, as well as access to sea ports in the Black and Azov Seas, are critical. Attacks on merchant ships in ports and along the entire route, as well as against civilian ports and civilian port infrastructure, are unacceptable."Food security must not be weaponized in any way. Ukrainian agricultural products should be securely and freely provided to interested third countries."3) Thirdly, all prisoners of war must be released by complete exchange. All deported and unlawfully displaced Ukrainian children, and all other Ukrainian civilians who were unlawfully detained, must be returned to Ukraine."We believe that reaching peace requires the involvement of and dialogue between all parties. We, therefore, decided to undertake concrete steps in the future in the above-mentioned areas with further engagement of the representatives of all parties."The United Nations Charter, including the principles of respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of all states, can and will serve as a basis in achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine.
Russia overtook US as gas supplier to Europe in MayRise in market share highlights difficulty of weaning the region off Russian energyData from consultancy ICIS showed Russian gas last month accounted for 15 per cent of total supply to the EU (except for Malta and Cyprus), UK, Switzerland, Serbia, North Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. © Andrey Rudakov/BloombergEurope’s gas imports from Russia overtook supplies from the US for the first time in almost two years in May, despite the region’s efforts to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels since the full scale invasion of Ukraine.While one-off factors drove the reversal, it highlights the difficulty of further reducing Europe’s dependence on gas from Russia, with several eastern European countries still relying on imports from their neighbour.“It’s striking to see the market share of Russian gas and [liquefied natural gas] inch higher in Europe after all we have been through, and all the efforts made to decouple and de-risk energy supply,” said Tom Marzec-Manser, head of gas analytics at consultancy ICIS.Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Moscow slashed its pipeline gas supplies to Europe and the region stepped up imports of LNG, which is shipped on specialised vessels with the US as a major provider.The US overtook Russia as a supplier of gas to Europe in September 2022, and has since 2023 accounted for about a fifth of the region’s supply.But last month, Russian-piped gas and LNG shipments accounted for 15 per cent of total supply to the EU, UK, Switzerland, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia, according to data from ICIS.LNG from the US made up 14 per cent of supply to the region, its lowest level since August 2022, the ICIS data showed.The reversal comes amid a general uptick in European imports of Russian LNG despite several EU countries pushing to impose sanctions on them.Russia in mid-2022 stopped sending gas through pipelines connecting it to north-west Europe, but continues to provide supplies via pipelines through Ukraine and Turkey.Flows in May were affected by one-time factors, including an outage at a major US LNG export facility, while Russia sent more gas through Turkey ahead of planned maintenance in June. Demand for gas in Europe also remains relatively weak, with storage levels near record highs for this time of year.The reversal was “not likely to last”, said Marzec-Manser of ICIS, as Russia would in the summer be able to ship LNG to Asia via its Northern Sea Route. That was likely to reduce the amount sent to Europe, while US LNG production had picked up again, he said.“Russia has limited flexibility to hold on to this share [in Europe] as demand [for gas] rises into next winter, whereas overall US LNG production is only growing with yet more new capacity coming to the global market by the end of the year,” he added.The transit agreement between Ukraine and Russia also comes to an end this year, putting at risk flows through the route.The European Commission is supporting efforts to establish an investment plan to expand the capacity of pipelines in the Southern Gas Corridor between the EU and Azerbaijan.A senior EU official said supplies through the route were not currently sufficient to replace the 14bn cubic metres of Russian gas that currently flowed through Ukraine to the EU each year.The EU’s energy commissioner Kadri Simson said she had raised concerns about LNG being diverted from Europe to meet demand in Asia on a trip to Japan this month.She said Tokyo and Brussels had established an “early warning system” to monitor LNG shortages and had agreed both should pursue energy saving measures.“The EU is prepared to buffer any negative supply or demand events in global gas markets,” she added. “Our gas storage remains at record high levels [and] our gas demand stabilised at record low levels, down 20 per cent compared with 2021.”
Norway discovers Europe’s largest deposit of rare earth metalsKEY POINTS*Mining firm Rare Earths Norway says it has discovered Europe’s largest proven deposit of highly prized rare earth elements.*One of the few deposits not owned or controlled by China, the discovery of continental Europe’s largest rare earths deposit is considered a welcome boost in Europe’s bid to break China’s rare earths dominance.*Alf Reistad, CEO of Rare Earths Norway, told CNBC that the discovery represents a “great milestone” for the company.Neodymium is displayed at the Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech Co. factory in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China. Nelson Ching | Bloomberg | Getty ImagesMining firm Rare Earths Norway says it has discovered Europe’s largest proven deposit of highly prized rare earth elements, potentially reflecting a watershed moment for both the Nordic country and the broader region.One of the few deposits not owned or controlled by China, the discovery of continental Europe’s largest rare earths deposit is considered a welcome boost in Europe’s bid to break China’s rare earths dominance.Demand for rare earths and critical minerals is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years as the clean energy transition picks up pace.Rare Earths Norway said in a June 6 statement that its Fen Carbonatite Complex in the southeast of the country boasts 8.8 million metric tons of total rare earth oxides (TREOs) with a reasonable prospect for economic extraction.Within the TREOs, which are considered vital to the global shift away from fossil fuels, the company says there is an estimated 1.5 million metric tons of magnet-related rare earths which can be used in electric vehicles and wind turbines.The discovery eclipses a massive rare earths deposit found last year in neighboring Sweden.Alf Reistad, CEO of Rare Earths Norway, told CNBC that the discovery at Fen represents a “great milestone” for the company.“It is important to state that there is absolutely no extraction of rare earth elements in Europe today,” Reistad said via videoconference Monday.One of the aims of the Critical Raw Materials Act is to extract at least 10% of the European Union’s annual demand for rare earths by 2030 and Rare Earths Norway says it hopes to contribute to that goal.Rare Earths Norway said the rare earths deposit in Telemark, roughly 210 kilometers (130 miles) southwest of Oslo, is likely to underscore Norway’s position as an integral part of Europe’s rare earth and critical raw material value chain.Rare earths ‘more important’ than oil and gasThe International Energy Agency has said that today’s supply falls short of what is needed to transform the energy sector. That’s because there is a relatively high geographical concentration of the production of many energy transition elements.Most rare earth elements are located in China, with the world’s second-largest economy estimated to account for 70% of global rare earth ore extraction and 90% of rare earth ore processing.China was the EU’s largest partner for imports of rare earth elements in 2022, accounting for 40% of overall imports based on weight.Looking ahead, Rare Earths Norway said exploration work at the complex will continue, with further drilling scheduled for next month. The company said it is working to develop the first stage of mining by 2030.Asked whether he believed the discovered resources could be considered of more value than Norway’s oil and gas supplies, Rare Earths Norway’s Reistad replied, “Not of more value but [European Commission President] Ursula von der Leyen has stated that lithium and rare earth element will soon be more important than oil and gas.”“So, it will be more important but not have the same value, of course,” he added.
Cita de: sudden and sharp en Junio 16, 2024, 14:46:39 pmLeí el otro día que es un 3% de la población española la que tiene uno o dos pisos (o más) alquilados. Así que no. Ni los rojos, ni los falsirojos, ni los ricos, ni los fachas. El banano es de una minoría.[ Tener una segunda vivienda en la playa para ir en verano es perfectamente razonable. ]Ese 3%, son los soldaditos que están en primera linea del frente. No hablas de la retaguardia ni de los cuadros de mando.Ese 3% es una variable de flujo. Propietarios que entran y salen del alquiler; y hay que añadir los que aspiran a serlo algún dia (el stock) , que desde la retaguardia, mantienen las lineas de suministro, los cuadros de mando y hacen de muralla para que el enemigo tenga que pasar por las termopilas, donde está el 3% ¿los 300? esperándoles con los brazos abiertos (y con toda la artilleria preparada)De todos los rusos, "solo" un 3% están movilizados en Ucrania; y todos los rusos tienen muy claro lo que se está jugando en Ucrania.
[...] "We believe that reaching peace requires the involvement of and dialogue between all parties. We, therefore, decided to undertake concrete steps in the future in the above-mentioned areas with further engagement of the representatives of all parties."The United Nations Charter, including the principles of respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of all states, can and will serve as a basis in achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine.[/i]