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Meta AI chief says large language models will not reach human intelligenceYann LeCun argues current AI methods are flawed as he pushes for ‘world modelling’ vision for superintelligenceMeta’s artificial intelligence chief said the large language models that power generative AI products such as ChatGPT would never achieve the ability to reason and plan like humans, as he focused instead on a radical alternative approach to create “superintelligence” in machines.Yann LeCun, chief AI scientist at the social media giant that owns Facebook and Instagram, said LLMs had “very limited understanding of logic . . . do not understand the physical world, do not have persistent memory, cannot reason in any reasonable definition of the term and cannot plan . . . hierarchically”.In an interview with the Financial Times, he argued against relying on advancing LLMs in the quest to make human-level intelligence, as these models can only answer prompts accurately if they have been fed the right training data and are, therefore, “intrinsically unsafe”.Instead, he is working to develop an entirely new generation of AI systems that he hopes will power machines with human-level intelligence, although he said this vision could take 10 years to achieve.Meta has been pouring billions of dollars into developing its own LLMs as generative AI has exploded, aiming to catch up with rival tech groups, including Microsoft-backed OpenAI and Alphabet’s Google.LeCun runs a team of about 500 staff at Meta’s Fundamental AI Research (Fair) lab. They are working towards creating AI that can develop common sense and learn how the world works in similar ways to humans, in an approach known as “world modelling”.The Meta AI chief’s experimental vision is a potentially risky and costly gamble for the social media group at a time when investors are itching to see quick returns on AI investments.Last month, Meta lost nearly $200bn in value when chief executive Mark Zuckerberg vowed to increase spending and turn the social media group into “the leading AI company in the world”, spooking Wall Street investors concerned about rising costs with little immediate revenue potential.“We are at the point where we think we are on the cusp of maybe the next generation AI systems,” LeCun said.LeCun’s comments come as Meta and its rivals push forward with ever more enhanced LLMs. Figures such as OpenAI chief Sam Altman believe they provide a vital step towards creating artificial general intelligence (AGI) — the point when machines have greater cognitive capabilities than humans.OpenAI last week released its new faster GPT-4o model, and Google unveiled a new “multimodal” artificial intelligence agent that can answer real-time queries across video, audio and text called Project Astra, powered by an upgraded version of its Gemini model.Meta also launched its new Llama 3 model last month. The company’s global affairs head Sir Nick Clegg said its latest LLM had “vastly improved capabilities like reasoning” — the ability to apply logic to queries. For example, the system would surmise that a person suffering from a headache, sore throat and runny nose had a cold, but could also recognise that allergies might be causing the symptoms.However, LeCun said this evolution of LLMs was superficial and limited, with the models learning only when human engineers intervene to train it on that information, rather than AI coming to a conclusion organically like people.“It certainly appears to most people as reasoning — but mostly it’s exploiting accumulated knowledge from lots of training data,” LeCun said, but added: “[LLMs] are very useful despite their limitations.”Google DeepMind has also spent several years pursuing alternative methods to building AGI, including methods such as reinforcement learning, where AI agents learn from their surroundings in a game-like virtual environment.At an event in London on Tuesday, DeepMind’s chief Sir Demis Hassabis said what was missing from language models was “they didn’t understand the spatial context you’re in . . . so that limits their usefulness in the end”.Meta set up its Fair lab in 2013 to pioneer AI research, hiring leading academics in the space.However, in early 2023, Meta created a new GenAI team, headed by chief product officer Chris Cox. It poached many AI researchers and engineers from Fair, and led the work on Llama 3 and integrated it into products, such as its new AI assistants and image-generation tools.The creation of the GenAI team came as some insiders argued that an academic culture within the Fair lab was partly to blame for Meta’s late arrival to the generative AI boom. Zuckerberg has pushed for more commercial applications of AI under pressure from investors.However, LeCun has remained one of Zuckerberg’s core advisers, according to people close to the company, due to his record and reputation as one of the founding fathers of AI, winning a Turing Award for his work on neural networks.“We’ve refocused Fair towards the longer-term goal of human-level AI, essentially because GenAI now is focused on the stuff that we have a clear path towards,” LeCun said.“[Achieving AGI] not a product design problem, it’s not even a technology development problem, it’s very much a scientific problem,” he added.LeCun first published a paper on his world modelling vision in 2022 and Meta has since released two research models based on the approach.Today, he said Fair was testing different ideas to achieve human-level intelligence because “there’s a lot of uncertainty and exploration in this, [so] we can’t tell which one will succeed or end up being picked up”.Among these, LeCun’s team is feeding systems with hours of video and deliberately leaving out frames, then getting the AI to predict what will happen next. This is to mimic how children learn from passively observing the world around them.He also said Fair was exploring building “a universal text encoding system” that would allow a system to process abstract representations of knowledge in text, which can then be applied to video and audio.Some experts are doubtful of whether LeCun’s vision is viable.Aron Culotta, associate professor of computer science at Tulane University, said common sense had long been “a thorn in the side of AI”, and that it was challenging to teach models causality, leaving them “susceptible to these unexpected failures”.One former Meta AI employee described the world modelling push as “vague fluff”, adding: “It feels like a lot of flag planting.”Another current employee said Fair had yet to prove itself as a true rival to research groups such as DeepMind.In the longer term, LeCun believes the technology will power AI agents that users can interact with through wearable technology, including augmented reality or “smart” glasses, and electromyography (EMG) “bracelets”.“[For AI agents] to be really useful, they need to have something akin to human-level intelligence,” he said.
The US economy is in a 'selective recession' as lower-income consumers can't cover the cost of living, JPMorgan says*Lower-income Americans are already in a recession, according to JPMorgan's Matthew Boss.*The analyst said the US was in a "selective" recession as some consumers .*67% of middle-class Americans said they believed their income wasn't keeping up with the cost of living.The US economy is in a "selective recession," as lower-income Americans are struggling to get by while upper-income consumers are doing just fine, according to JPMorgan analyst Matthew Boss.Speaking to CNBC on Tuesday, Boss pointed to the divergence in upper-income and middle-to-lower income Americans, the latter of whom are struggling to keep up with the rising cost of living as prices remain elevated and savings dwindle. "You have the consumer at the high end who is being more choiceful. The low-end I do think is a melting ice cube … What I'm calling it now is a selective recession," Boss said. "y our survey, over 70% of low-income consumers right now are saying that they're struggling to make ends meet." Other market commentators have pointed to a coming slowdown in consumer spending, especially as middle-class Americans feel the pinch of inflation. 67% of middle-class households polled by Primerica in the first quarter said they believed their income was falling behind the cost of living. Inflation has cooled dramatically from its highs in 2022, but consumers are still feeling the pain of accumulated price increases over the years. Consumer prices overall are 22% higher than they were five years ago, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics."You focus on that low- to middle-income consumer, they're under pressure, and the pressure is really that the inflation ... continues to last. Each month that we move forward, it doesn't matter that inflation is not worsening, it's just an incremental toll on that savings that they built," Boss said.Most Americans have likely blown through the savings they accumulated during the pandemic. Excess savings from the COVID era were probably depleted in March of this year, according to a paper from San Francisco Fed economists. 38% of middle-class respondents in Primerica's survey added that they didn't have a $1,000 emergency fund. Recession fears have been on the rise as Americans survey a weakening job market and anticipate rates staying higher for longer. The US has a 50-50 chance of slipping into a downturn within the next 12 months, the New York Fed estimated in its latest recession forecast.
Dow slides 300 points as Fed meeting minutes show inflation worriesU.S. stocks traded lower Wednesday as the minutes from the Federal Reserve’s May meeting raised concerns of persistent inflation, indicating the central bank may not cut interest rates soon.(...)
El Sáhara Español no era una colonia. Creo que era una provincia Española y tenían ciudadanía Española como cualquier peninsular. Saludos.
El precio del alquiler sube un 78% en los últimos 10 años: comunidades y ciudades donde más se ha encarecidoSegún datos del portal inmobiliario Fotocasa, el precio del metro cuadrado ha pasado de una media de 6,91 euros al mes en abril de 2014 a los 12,30 euros al mes en abril de 2024.Baleares (+158%) en cuanto a comunidades autónomas y Estepona (+190%) en ciudades, se llevan la palma en subidas de alquiler.Félix Esteban · 2024.05.21REUTERS/Andrea Comas (SPAIN)Hay un dato de lo más revelador: el precio medio del metro cuadrado de la vivienda en alquiler se ha disparado un 78% en España en los últimos 10 años, lo que implica que alquilar una vivienda de 80 metros cuadrados supone en la actualidad una media de 984 euros al mes, frente a los 553 euros al mes que costaba de media en 2014. El incremento del precio del alquiler en la última décadaSegún datos del estudio Variación acumulativa de la vivienda en España en 2024 de Fotocasa, el precio del metro cuadrado ha pasado de una media de 6,91 euros al mes en abril de 2014 a alcanzar los 12,30 euros al mes en abril de 2024. Esta escalada en los precios ha creado una situación complicada para muchas personas, especialmente en ciertas comunidades autónomas y ciudades, lo que se ha dado en llamar zonas tensionadas.El mayor encarecimiento del arrendamientoLa directora de Estudios y portavoz de Fotocasa, María Matos, ha afirmado que estamos ante el "mayor encarecimiento del arrendamiento de los últimos años", con un crecimiento del precio de la vivienda en algunas comunidades en la última década de hasta un 150%. Este fenómeno ha supuesto "una dificultad muy importante en el acceso a la vivienda" para muchos ciudadanos."La reactivación de la demanda frente al déficit de oferta existente ha propiciado un tensionamiento de los precios que se ha hecho cada vez más intenso, hasta superar el precio registrado en la burbuja inmobiliaria de 2007 en un 33%", ha recalcado Matos.Las comunidades autónomas con mayores incrementosEl estudio de Fotocasa revela que algunas comunidades autónomas han experimentado incrementos particularmente altos en los precios del alquiler.Baleares, la reina de las subidasEn Baleares, el precio del alquiler ha pasado de 7,03 euros por metro cuadrado al mes en abril de 2014 a 18,14 euros por metro cuadrado en 2024, lo que representa un incremento del 158% en una década. Esto significa que los baleares han pasado de pagar una media de 562 euros al mes por una vivienda de 80 metros cuadrados en 2014, a 1.451 euros al mes en la actualidad.Además de Baleares, otras comunidades han registrado incrementos significativos en el precio de la vivienda en alquiler:Comunidad Valenciana: +139%.Canarias: +137%.Madrid: +103%.Cataluña: +99%.Por otro lado, en Castilla-La Mancha el precio del metro cuadrado solo ha subido un 46% desde 2014, hasta los 6,99 euros. Esto implica que los manchegos han pasado de pagar 382 euros al mes por una vivienda de 80 metros cuadrados en 2014, a 559 euros al mes en 2024.Las ciudades con mayores incrementosEl incremento de los precios del alquiler no se limita a las comunidades autónomas. Algunas ciudades también han visto un aumento significativo en la última década.Estepona, primera en este ránkingEstepona (Málaga) es la ciudad con el mayor incremento acumulativo del precio de la vivienda en alquiler en España, alcanzando un 190% en abril de 2024 respecto a hace una década. Por una vivienda de 80 metros cuadrados en régimen de alquiler en Estepona se pagaba 446 euros al mes hace 10 años, mientras que en 2024 se paga 1.297 euros al mes.Le siguen otras ciudades como:Gandía: +185%.Mijas: +167%.Benalmádena: +159%.Palma de Mallorca: +155%.Valencia capital: +150%.Torremolinos: +138%.Benidorm: +138%.El Campello: +137%.Calvià: +137%.Vélez-Málaga: +135%.Sanlúcar de Barrameda: +132%.Santa Cruz de Tenerife capital: +132%.Qué factores hay detrás del aumento de preciosLa reactivación de la demandaLa reactivación de la demanda ha sido un factor clave en el incremento de los precios del alquiler. A medida que la economía se ha recuperado, más personas han buscado viviendas en alquiler, lo que ha tensionado el mercado. Y como en toda ley de mercado, falta el otro factor: mucha demanda y...... Déficit de ofertaEl déficit de oferta de viviendas en alquiler también ha contribuido al aumento de los precios. La falta de nuevas construcciones y el crecimiento demográfico han aumentado la competencia por las viviendas disponibles, impulsando los precios al alza.Las inversiones extranjeras, tercer actorLas inversiones extranjeras en el mercado inmobiliario español han jugado un papel importante en el aumento de los precios. Los inversores buscan propiedades en zonas estratégicas, lo que ha elevado los precios del alquiler en estas áreas. Como ves, una tormenta perfecta, un cóctel explosivo para que en los últimos diez años gran parte de España haya sufrido un incremento enorme de los precios de alquiler, en una época donde se suma la precariedad laboral, la inflación, la pérdida de poder adquisitivo de sobre todo jóvenes y clases medias, y el factor de alquileres turísticos en muchas de esas zonas.
Hopes For Sustainable Jet Fuel Not Realistic, Report FindsPosted by BeauHD on Wednesday May 22, 2024 @11:30PM from the magical-thinking dept.An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Guardian:CitarHopes that replacement fuels for airplanes will slash carbon pollution are misguided and support for these alternatives could even worsen the climate crisis, a new report has warned. There is currently "no realistic or scalable alternative" to standard kerosene-based jet fuels, and touted "sustainable aviation fuels" are well off track to replace them in a timeframe needed to avert dangerous climate change, despite public subsidies, the report by the Institute for Policy Studies, a progressive thinktank, found. "While there are kernels of possibility, we should bring a high level of skepticism to the claims that alternative fuels will be a timely substitute for kerosene-based jet fuels," the report said. [...]In the U.S., Joe Biden's administration has set a goal for 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel, which is made from non-petroleum sources such as food waste, woody biomass and other feedstocks, to be produced by 2030, which it said will cut aviation's planet-heating emissions by 20%. [...] Burning sustainable aviation fuels still emits some carbon dioxide, while the land use changes needed to produce the fuels can also lead to increased pollution. Ethanol biofuel, made from corn, is used in these fuels, and meeting the Biden administration's production goal, the report found, would require 114m acres of corn in the U.S., about a 20% increase in current land area given over to to the crop. In the UK, meanwhile, 50% of all agricultural land will have to be given up to sustain current flight passenger levels if jet fuel was entirely replaced. "Agricultural land use changes could threaten global food security as well as nature-based carbon sequestration solutions such as the preservation of forests and wetlands," the report states. "As such, SAF production may actively undermine the Paris agreement goal of achieving greatly reduced emissions by 2050."Chuck Collins, co-author of the report, said: "To bring these fuels to the scale needed would require massive subsidies, the trade-offs would be unacceptable and would take resources aware from more urgent decarbonization priorities.""It's a huge greenwashing exercise by the aviation industry. It's magical thinking that they will be able to do this."Phil Ansell, director of the Center for Sustainable Aviation at the University of Illinois, added: "There's an underappreciation of how big the energy problem is for aviation. We are still many years away from zero pollution flights. But it's true that the industry has been slow to pick things up. We are now trying to find solutions, but we are working at this problem and realizing it's a lot harder than we thought. We are late to the game. We are in the dark ages in terms of sustainability, compared to other sectors."
Hopes that replacement fuels for airplanes will slash carbon pollution are misguided and support for these alternatives could even worsen the climate crisis, a new report has warned. There is currently "no realistic or scalable alternative" to standard kerosene-based jet fuels, and touted "sustainable aviation fuels" are well off track to replace them in a timeframe needed to avert dangerous climate change, despite public subsidies, the report by the Institute for Policy Studies, a progressive thinktank, found. "While there are kernels of possibility, we should bring a high level of skepticism to the claims that alternative fuels will be a timely substitute for kerosene-based jet fuels," the report said. [...]In the U.S., Joe Biden's administration has set a goal for 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel, which is made from non-petroleum sources such as food waste, woody biomass and other feedstocks, to be produced by 2030, which it said will cut aviation's planet-heating emissions by 20%. [...] Burning sustainable aviation fuels still emits some carbon dioxide, while the land use changes needed to produce the fuels can also lead to increased pollution. Ethanol biofuel, made from corn, is used in these fuels, and meeting the Biden administration's production goal, the report found, would require 114m acres of corn in the U.S., about a 20% increase in current land area given over to to the crop. In the UK, meanwhile, 50% of all agricultural land will have to be given up to sustain current flight passenger levels if jet fuel was entirely replaced. "Agricultural land use changes could threaten global food security as well as nature-based carbon sequestration solutions such as the preservation of forests and wetlands," the report states. "As such, SAF production may actively undermine the Paris agreement goal of achieving greatly reduced emissions by 2050."