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Crypto Industry Moves Into the U.S. Housing MarketAmericans are finding ways to use digital currencies to help them buy homes, and new companies are forming to help people tap their home’s value to buy Bitcoin.Rune FiskerThe nation’s largest mortgage finance firms will begin accepting crypto as an asset on a mortgage application, another significant step by the Trump administration to bring digital currencies into mainstream finance.This week, President Trump’s housing director, William Pulte, said he would direct Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — the nation’s big mortgage finance firms — to consider home buyers’ crypto investments as part of their overall wealth in assessing whether they can afford a mortgage. Traditionally, a home buyer’s cash savings and stock investments are what mortgage lenders consider.Fannie and Freddie, which are a critical cog in the housing market, buy mortgages from banks and establish a set of criteria for which borrowers’ mortgages they will accept.The announcement by Mr. Pulte, director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, on Wednesday comes as an increasing number of Americans have been using digital currencies to buy houses and new companies have formed to help them take advantage of their crypto holdings to buy real estate.The crypto market and its many supporters have been pushing regulators in this direction for several years, raising concerns among consumer advocates that this lightly regulated and highly volatile investment asset is being tied to something as vital to the economy as the housing market.And Mr. Trump has gone from a crypto critic to a big booster.“In a world where regulatory enforcement has been largely taken off the table, the boundaries are getting pushed very quickly,” said Tyler Gellasch, a former lawyer at the Securities and Exchange Commission, who runs the Healthy Markets Association, a financial industry trade group.But from home buyers and crypto enthusiasts, there is growing demand. In a recent survey, roughly 14 percent of home buyers said they planned to sell crypto assets to help get the cash to cover a down payment on a home, up from 5 percent in 2019, according to Redfin, the residential real estate brokerage company.In 2017, David Doss sold some of his crypto holdings to raise cash for the down payment on a home in New Jersey. He said he would have preferred that there had been a way to keep his crypto while getting the cash equivalent but that option didn’t exist when he bought his house.“The intersection of crypto and real estate is evolving pretty darn quickly,” [/color]said Mr. Doss, who advises wealthy investors on crypto investing. “It’s a meeting of the oldest asset class with one of the newest.”Mr. Pulte’s order might have allowed Mr. Doss to keep some of his crypto holdings. It says that home buyers no longer have to sell their crypto for cash as part of the process of qualifying for a mortgage.Crypto is gaining traction in the housing market as home sales have stagnated, leaving many unable to sell or buy a home or tap into their home’s equity through loans.Several start-ups are already pitching crypto as a way to cut through the market’s current morass and jump start home sales.One firm, Milo, founded by Josip Rupena, a former financial adviser at Morgan Stanley, offers investors a way to use Bitcoin as collateral for getting a home mortgage.For a $1 million home, an investor posts $1 million worth of Bitcoin, which Milo puts into a secure account. The firm provides $1 million in cash to buy the home.Milo then writes an equivalent mortgage that the home buyer is ultimately responsible to pay off. The interest tends to be a few percentage points higher than a normal mortgage, but the customer gets the benefit of not having to sell any crypto or pay capital gains. When the mortgage is paid off, Milo returns the Bitcoin to the investor.Mr. Rupena said he had already underwritten $65 million of such mortgages, and he welcomed the F.H.F.A.’s policy shift on crypto.Unlike most bank mortgages — like the ones Fannie and Freddie buy — Mr. Rupena’s firm does not require a homeowner to make a down payment. His firm finances 100 percent of the transaction, which most banks will not do and that is not likely to change with the new F.H.F.A. rule on crypto.“This is the first step in getting crypto parity with other assets,” Mr. Rupena said of the F.H.F.A. decision.Other firms are helping homeowners’ tap their home’s equity to buy crypto. The strategy is similar to so-called home equity investment contracts, which provide lump-sum cash payments to a homeowner in return for the right to share in the appreciation in a home’s value.But instead of the homeowner using cash from the deal to pay for home improvements or a child’s college tuition, they are using it to buy only one thing: Bitcoin.“Turn your home into a Bitcoin acquisition engine,’’ one of the start-up firms called Horizon, said in a post on X.Here is how it typically works: Some of the firms loan the homeowner cash to buy Bitcoin based on the value of the equity in their homes. The firms typically make money by sharing in the appreciation in the value of a house when an owner sells it.The deals are attractive because the homeowner does not need to make monthly payments during the life of the agreement, as they would with a traditional home equity loan.As protection, some of the firms also place a lien on a house during the length of the contract — some of which can last for a decade.Horizon debuted its offering at the Bitcoin conference last month in Las Vegas, where two of Mr. Trump’s sons were headline speakers.Consumer advocates see reason for concern.“My general impression is that taking any lien on your house to buy crypto is a terrible idea,” said Andrew Pizor, a senior attorney at the National Consumer Law Center, who specializes in mortgage financing. “This is the roof over your head, and you have to be cautious.”All of these programs are in their infancy, so it’s too soon to say how much traction they will ultimately get.Representatives for the companies said concerns about consumers being taking advantage of were overstated. Most prospective customers are wealthy investors. The firms also said they intended to be compliant with existing federal and state laws.Harry W. Prahl, 35, who has been investing in Bitcoin since 2016, said he was interested in tapping the equity in both his home and in several apartment buildings he owned to buy more of the crypto currency.Mr. Prahl has been talking to a company called Sovana, which was founded by a former Google executive, about using some of his real estate holdings as collateral to buy more Bitcoin. Sovana would buy Bitcoin, using a formula based on the equity in a person’s properties, and then put the crypto currency into a secure account. At the end of the deal, the person and the company would share the profits.If Bitcoin drops in value, the property owner must make up the deficiency.“It’s an alternative way to tap into that commercial equity that doesn’t effect the business,” Mr. Prahl said. “And not having to make any payment is a real killer feature.”Though the details of the F.H.F.A.’s policy shift are scare, on its face it signals a shift in how the Trump administration is overseeing Fannie and Freddie. Under past administrations, the two firms have tended to be risk averse after nearly collapsing during the financial crisis when millions of homeowners defaulted on their mortgages.In a post on X about the new policy, Mr. Pulte said he made the decision for Fannie and Freddie to count crypto among home buyers’ assets after “significant studying.”He added that it was in “keeping with President Trump’s vision to make the United States the crypto capital of the world.”
Get ready to embark on a new era of financial repressionTariffs are not the only flashpoint; another economic policy war is shaping up© Liv Friis Larsen/DreamstimeThe trade war unleashed by Donald Trump may be just the precursor for much larger turmoil in the global economy. Whatever tariffs look like when the dust settles, deficits, surpluses and trade patterns will still be shaped by financial flows. It is only a matter of time before another economic policy war flares up — indeed it has already begun. Welcome to the new age of financial repression.Financial repression refers to policies designed to steer capital to fund government priorities, rather than where it would flow in unregulated markets. In the postwar decades, western countries used regulation, tax design and prohibitions to both limit capital flows across borders and direct domestic flows into favoured uses, such as government bonds or housebuilding.The US then spearheaded the decades of financial deregulation and globalisation that led up to (and led to) the global financial crisis. The US has now made abundantly clear that it rejects its traditional role in dismantling financial walls between countries and anchoring the global financial order.Rumours of a “Mar-a-Lago accord”, which would manage the dollar’s value down while forcing global investors to discount and lock in lending to Washington, has produced shocked disbelief by other countries. But it is not just Mar-a-Lago: several policy proposals have surfaced recently that can fairly be grouped together as measures of financial nationalism.These include a tax on remittances, levies on foreign investment stakes by nations with policies Washington disapproves of, and the promotion of dollar-denominated stablecoins and looser bank leverage regulations. The last two would both incentivise flows into US government debt securities.While the US represents the biggest swing of the pendulum, other big economies have the same orientation away from letting finance flow freely.China never stopped practising financial repression at scale. It has retained a non-convertible currency and manages its exchange rate. It uses a network of state-controlled or state-influenced banks, corporations and subnational governments to steer the flow of credit to outlets indicated by various economic development doctrines favoured by Beijing over the years. The latter has had both successes (the electric vehicle industry) and failures (the housebuilding bubble). China is also working on an alternative to the dollar-based international payment system.Europeans have long been purist about free capital mobility — originally inside the EU’s single market, but also with the rest of the world. Yet there, too, attitudes are changing.The influential reports of former Italian prime ministers Enrico Letta and Mario Draghi have emphasised that the bloc sends several hundred billion euros abroad every year when there are huge domestic funding gaps. This invites policymakers to adopt measures to redirect financial flows. So does the agenda to unify national financial markets.The aim of making the euro a more attractive reserve and investment currency has also been invigorated by Trump’s seeming disdain of the dollar’s role. A big EU-level borrowing programme suddenly looks at least conceivable, and an official digital euro is on the way. In parallel, the UK is trying to coax pension funds to put more savings in the hands of British businesses.Europe may not end up with fully fledged financial repression, but it’s now open season for policies to steer financial flows where governments, not just markets, think they are most needed. In reality, commitments to climate and digital transitions and defence-related infrastructure leave no other choice.What should we make of this return of financial state activism?First, note that it comes with financial globalisation already in decline. Rapid growth in cross-border financial claims by banks halted in 2008. From nearly 50 per cent of the world economy at the start of 2008 such claims have shrunk to 30 per cent. That may have been partly offset by non-bank activity but in any case it happened without deliberate policies to keep money at home.Second, complaints about other countries’ surpluses could quickly change if we end up in a scramble for the world’s available capital that will make the trade wars look like child’s play.Third, much can go wrong. It is not that liberalised finance has covered itself in glory (it hasn’t). But state-directed finance is a high-risk activity, prone to cronyism and misallocation without safeguards. Still, it may be necessary. If everyone is going to try to keep more capital at home, it’s even more important to put it to the best uses.
Pero hoy toca editorial de El País. Díganme: ¿es o no muchísimo Tuit?]
Dos hermanos somalíes solicitantes de asilo en Holanda rechazan pisito de 55 m2 y se monta un escándalo en el país. Al parecer lo rechazan por ser demasiado pequeño y no permitir una vida de adulto independiente a cada hermano.