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Castuzo terruñista sincerándose:El Gobierno de Navarra dice que los navarros "no apechugarán si el rescate sale mal""Si el rescate sale mal apechugarán los españoles, porque en el convenio se fija que no tenemos que apechugar", ha afirmado el consejero de Economía de Navarra Álvaro Miranda.Acojonante.
Cita de: wanderer en Junio 14, 2012, 22:45:25 pmCastuzo terruñista sincerándose:El Gobierno de Navarra dice que los navarros "no apechugarán si el rescate sale mal""Si el rescate sale mal apechugarán los españoles, porque en el convenio se fija que no tenemos que apechugar", ha afirmado el consejero de Economía de Navarra Álvaro Miranda.Acojonante.Cuando los malcrías los niños te salen así de chulos. La anomalía foral española podría ser llevadera si al menos hubiésemos sido firmes en su educación desde pequeñitos poniéndoles una frontera fiscal de verdad y pasándoles (a los vascos) la factura de todos los gastos extraordinarios (reconversión, inundaciones de 1.980). Como hemos sido blanditos el niño, ya crecidito, nos pega y nos quita billetes de la cartera cuando quiere un iPhone nuevo. Los navarros además tienen doble pecado porque como van de modositos españolazos y amantes de los toros, les consentimos aún más.
Cita de: Republik en Junio 14, 2012, 22:58:34 pmRajoy, con todos los secretillos que pueda guardar en el armario, no es un ave rapaz de la categoría del Berlusconi, es más bien un administrador serio aunque acojonado ante la que se le viene encima. Ha renunciado a ingresos de siete dígitos (un registrador de su edad y antigüedad por ahí estará) por la vanidad de verse un día en los libros de Historia o en una calle de un PAU periférico (las buenas las han pillado ya los figurones isabelinos y de la I Restauración), y parece que le da miedo dejar una fea huella, pero si le plantean que la alternativa es ser más breve que Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, es posible que se ponga las pilas, el trabajo que le falta por hacer no es tantísimo.Me encanta la mala fina mala uva que destilan algunos de sus últimos posts, sinceramente... En fin, sobre el personaje de MRB, habría que recordarle éso de Sic transit Gloria Mundi, y por favor, que aunque sea meapilillas pacato, en ningún caso podrá decirse de su obra que era AMDG (Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam).Que le ponga una velita a San Tochibio, que lo mismo le saca de ésta... ¡el pobre!
Rajoy, con todos los secretillos que pueda guardar en el armario, no es un ave rapaz de la categoría del Berlusconi, es más bien un administrador serio aunque acojonado ante la que se le viene encima. Ha renunciado a ingresos de siete dígitos (un registrador de su edad y antigüedad por ahí estará) por la vanidad de verse un día en los libros de Historia o en una calle de un PAU periférico (las buenas las han pillado ya los figurones isabelinos y de la I Restauración), y parece que le da miedo dejar una fea huella, pero si le plantean que la alternativa es ser más breve que Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, es posible que se ponga las pilas, el trabajo que le falta por hacer no es tantísimo.
iday, June 15, 2012Satyajit Das: The Euro-Zone Debt Crisis – It’s Now ABOUT Germany NOT UP TO Germany!Yves here. Das’ post has a lot of useful information, but like a lot of finance people, he is hostage to a conventional markets-driven reading of the issues. Governments are not households or businesses. When the private sector delevers, unless a country is running a big surplus (as Germany is) you can’t have government delever at the same time. So Germany’s notion of virtue (that governments and private citizens should wear an austerity hair shirt) works only for Germany.There are also ways to prevent an Euro train wreck that don’t involve using German’s balance sheet, such as having the ECB issue bonds, or do revenue sharing (say on a per capita basis, as Marshall Auerback suggested in a NC post). Or the ESM could be given a banking licence via the ECB so that it has the ability to deploy unlimited capital to sort out the solvency issue (as France has suggested). Yanis Varoufakis’ “Modest Proposal” is another approach. But if Germany continues to oppose having the ECB take a much more aggressive stance, Das’ concerns are germane.By Satyajit Das, derivatives expert and the author of Extreme Money: The Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk (2011)It’s now about Germany, not about Greece, Spain, Italy, Ireland or Portugal!Germany is financially vulnerable. Irrespective of the course of events, it faces crippling costs.Gas gangrene is a deadly infection that causes massive necrotic damage to tissue. Treatment is by antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy to inhibit the growth of and kill the bacteria. But if that fails, amputation is necessary. Germany may be in great danger, having left it to late to excise the gangrenous body parts of the Euro-Zone.Oh What a Lovely Crisis…To date, Germany has had a very good European debt crisis.The German economy is one of the few economies to have grown since 2008. Unemployment is low and workers have received pay rises.Interest rates on its government bonds, Bunds, are at a record low. On 23 May 2012, the two year note was issued with a zero coupon and gave investors a return of 0.07% per annum, prompting the Financial Times to post the headline: Oh Schatz: No Coupon (the German two year bond is known as the Schatz). A few days later the bonds were yielding zero percent. Shortly thereafter, the yield on the 2-year bonds was negative. The low rates reflect safe haven buying as investors flee other European markets.Politically, Germany’s importance has never been greater. Chancellor Angela Merkel bestrides Europe as a female Bismarck (the German view) or a Gorgon (the Greek view).Germany’s success is based on an economy, heavily rooted in manufacturing. It is also the result of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder’s structural reforms, especially of the labour market. The recent 4.3% pay increase won by the influential IG Metal union is the largest since 1992. Interestingly, the union made little headway in the recent negotiations on the area of greater controls on contract labour, which companies use for flexibility and managing costs.But a significant part of Germany’s growth has been driven by the Euro-Zone.Favourable conversion exchange rates upon introduction of the Euro artificially increased the purchasing power of countries like Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece. The common currency led to a dramatic fall in interest rates in weaker Euro-Zone members as well as over time a compression of credit spreads. No longer exposed to the risk of devaluations, a persistent feature of the post war economic history of Southern Europe, lenders lent generously to these countries. Debt fuelled consumption and investment drove growth.German exporters were major beneficiaries of this growth. German banks and financial institutions helped finance the growth. It was the European version of Chimerica, where China financed American buyers of its products by lending back its trade surpluses.German exporters also benefitted from a cheap Euro, receiving a significant subsidy because of the inclusion of weaker economies such Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece in the common currency. This cost advantage assisted German export performance, especially in emerging markets in Eastern Europe and Asia.But the good times are ending. The question is whether the Wirtschaftswunder (post-second world war economic miracle) ends inGötterdämmerung (the twilight of the Gods) or Weltuntergang (the end of the world).German Fetishes…Germany’s strengths, especially its export fetish, are weaknesses. Exports are over 40% of its Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”), compared to less than 20% in Japan and about 13% in the US. Germany’s current account surplus, which is larger than China when measured as a percentage of its GDP, is a source of pride. Exports have provided the majority of Germany’s growth in recent years.Germany is heavily reliant on a narrowly based industrial sector, focused on investment goods -automobiles, industrial machinery, chemicals, electronics and medical devices. These sectors make up a quarter of its GDP and the bulk of exports.The improvement in German competitiveness may also be overstated. Germany entered the Euro-Zone with an overvalued exchange rate. This exaggerated the extent of Germany’s adjustment.Germany’s service sector is weak with lower productivity than comparable countries. While it argues that Greece should deregulate professions, many professions in Germany remain highly regulated. Trades and professions are regulated by complex technical rules and standards rooted in the medieval guild systems. Foreign entrants frequently find these rules difficult and expensive to navigate.An OECD study found that German regulation of professional services was stricter than in all but five of 27 countries examined. A European Commission study of three professional sectors in 13 countries found that Germany has more reserved professions than all but one. Germans argue that deregulation would be disruptive and lead to a decline in quality or pose risks.Despite the international standing of Deutsche Bank, Germany’s banking system is fragile. Several German banks required government support during the financial crisis.Highly fragmented (in part due to heavy government involvement) and with low profitability, German banks, especially the German Länder (state) owned Landsbanks, face problems. They have large exposures to European sovereign debt, real estate and structured securities.Prior to 2005, the Landesbanken were able to borrow cheaply, relying on the guarantee of the state governments. The EU ruled these guarantees amounted to subsidies. Before the abolition of the guarantees, the Landesbanks issued large amounts of state-guaranteed loans which mature by December 2015. With limited access to retail deposits (primarily held with mortgage banks known asSparkassen) and no State guarantee, the Landesbanks’ ability to refinance maturing debt in international markets remains uncertain.While it insists on other countries reducing public debt, German debt levels are high -around 81% of GDP. The Bundesbank, Germany’s central bank, has stated that public debt levels will remain above 60% (the level stipulated by European treaties) for many years.German public finances are also vulnerable to the demographic problems of a rapidly aging and shrinking population. As increasing numbers of workers retire, tax revenues will decline and pension and healthcare costs rise.Caught in a Trap…Germany’s greatest vulnerability is its financial exposures from the current crisis. German exposure to Europe, especially the troubled peripheral economies, is large.German banks had exposures of around US$500 billion to the debt issues of peripheral nations. While the levels have been reduced, it remains substantial, especially when direct exposures to banks in these countries and indirect exposures via the global financial system are considered.The reduction in risk held by private banks has been offset by the increase in exposure of the German state which assumed some of this exposure. This was done either directly or indirectly through indirect support of various official institutions such as the European Union (“EU”), European Central Bank (“ECB”), the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) and specially bailout funds.For example, the exposure of the ECB to Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy is Euro 918 billion as of April 2012. This exposure is also rising rapidly, especially driven by capital flight out of these countries. The Financial Times reported on 21 May 2012 that the ECB had provided the Greek Central Bank with an undisclosed Euro 100 billion to assist Greek banks under it Emergency Loan Assistance (“ELA”) facility.Germany’s guarantees supporting the European Financial Stability Fund (“EFSF”) are Euro 211 billion. As Spain could not presumably act as a guarantor of the EFSF once it asks for financing, Germany’s liability will increase further from 29% to 33%. France’s share also increases from 22% to 25%. Perhaps most interestingly, the liability of Italy, which is in poor shape to assume any additional external financial burden, rises from 19% to 22%.The European Stability Mechanism, the replacement to the EFSF which is planned to commence in July 2012, will require a capital contribution from Germany which will push its budget deficit from Euro 26 billion to Euro 35 billion. If the ESM lends its full commitment of Euro 500 billion and the recipients default, Germany’s liability could be as high as Euro 280 billion.Since 2010, the Euro-Zone has committed Euro 386 billion to the bailout packages for Greece, Ireland and Portugal. In June 2012, Spain is expected to request at least Euro 100 billion for the recapitalisation of the banking system, making the total commitment just below Euro 500 billion.But the largest single direct German exposure is the Bundesbank’s over Euro 700 billion current exposure under the TARGET2 (“Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer System”) to other central banks in the Euro-Zone.Designed as a payment system to settle cross border funds flows, surplus countries, like Germany, have been forced to use TARGET2 to finance deficit countries. Before 2008, deficits were financed by banks and investors. Since the crisis commenced, TARGET2 has been used to meet the funding needs of peripheral countries without access to money markets to fund trade deficits and the capital flight out of their countries.Germany is by far the largest creditor in TARGET2. The Netherlands, Finland and Luxembourg are the other creditors with all other Euro-Zone countries being net debtors within the system.Germany is now caught in a trap. Irrespective of the resolution of the debt crisis, Germany will suffer significant losses on its exposure – it will be the biggest loser. As Elvis Presley once sang in Suspicious Minds: “We’re caught in a trap I can’t walk out because I love you EU too much baby”.No Exit …Advocates of European unity believe greater monetary and fiscal integration is the solution. They argue that the Euro-Zone’s current account is nearly balanced, its trade account has a small surplus, the overall fiscal deficit is modest and the aggregate level of public debt is manageable.Integration would require mutualisation of debt through the issue of Euro-Zone bonds backed jointly or severally by all member states. In late May 2012, French President Francois Hollande provided a curious argument in support of Euro-Zone bonds: “Is it acceptable that some sovereigns can borrow at 6% and others at zero in the same monetary union?” While music to the ears of Spanish and Italian leaders, Germany was understandably reluctant to embrace the mutualisation of European sovereign debt. As the largest, most creditworthy nation in the Euro-Zone, Germany would bear the largest financial burden. Its exposure would increase through its liability for Euro-Zone bonds.Fund manager John Hussman summarised the idea of Euro-Zone bonds neatly (http://www.hussmanfunds.com/wmc/wmc120528.htm):“This is like 9 broke guys walking up to Warren Buffett and proposing that they all get together so each of them can issue “Warrenbonds.” About 90% of the group would agree on the wisdom of that idea, and Warren would be criticized as a “holdout” to the success of the plan”Germany’s TARGET2 exposure would also continue to increase, at a rate of Euro 80-160 billion per annum to finance expected trade deficits in the rest of Europe. The increase in exposure may be higher if needed to finance budget deficits of weaker Euro-Zone members and the weak banking sector. Germany’s TARGET2 exposure has increased by around Euro 237 billion or around 34% in the last 8 months alone.Political will for integration is lacking. Germany is reluctant to become the ultimate guarantor of the Euro-Zone. Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann put the German position on Euro-Zone bonds bluntly: “You cannot give someone your credit card without having the means to control the spending.” He also appeared to indicate concern about further activism from the ECB: “The European Central Bank has reached the limit of its mandate, especially in the use of its non-conventional measures.” Most importantly, Mr. Weidman pointedly told Le Monde: “In the end, these [measures] are risks for taxpayers, most notably in France and Germany”.As a result, Europe may be forced to rely on its current policy of partial solutions -austerity and monetary accommodation by the ECB. As the troubled economies are unlikely to regain access to commercial funding in the near future, the debt of peripheral nations will shift to official institutions via bailouts, funding arrangements and the TARGET2 system. Germany’s financial liability will increase in this case.In the peripheral economies, continued withdrawal of deposits from national banks (a rational choice given currency and confiscation risk) may necessitate either a Europe wide deposit guarantee system or further funding of banks.The amounts involved are substantial. Total bank deposits in the Euro-Zone total around Euro 7.6 trillion, including Euro 5.9 trillion from households. The euro zone’s peripheral countries, which are most susceptible to capital flight, have Euro 1.8 trillion in household deposits. In the first 3 months of 2012, Euro 97 billion of deposits were withdrawn from Spanish banks.A credible deposit insurance scheme would have to cover household deposits (say up to Euro 100,000), which is around 72% of all deposits, in the peripheral countries. This would entail an insurance scheme for around Euro 1.3 trillion of deposits.As noted above, in early June 2012, the Spanish government sought Euro 100 billion from the Euro-Zone to recapitalise its banks. A single Spanish bank – Bankia – will require Euro more than 19 billion of new capital. To date, including the Bankia commitment, the Spanish government already has injected to Euro 33 billion (3% of gross domestic product) into its banks, excluding asset guarantee schemes that had been provided to buyers of bailed out banks. Given that the Spanish Economy Ministry reports that Euro 184 billion in loans to developers are “problematic”, the additional recapitalisation needs of Spain’s banks may be as high as Euro 200-300 billion in additional funds (20-30% of GDP).Any European deposit guarantee system, provision of capital or further funding of banks would potentially increase Germany’s financial liability.If integration is not undertaken or the partial solutions fail, then some European countries will need to restructure their debt and potentially leave the common currency. Germany would suffer immediate losses. A Greek default would result in losses to Germany of up to around Euro 90 billion. Germany’s potential losses increase rapidly as more countries default or leave the Euro-Zone. The greater the delay in default or departure the larger the German losses as their exposure increases.In the absence of a Lazarus like recovery in the peripheral economies, Germany’s current exposures are not recoverable. If the present arrangements continue or there is greater integration, the increase in commitments or debt levels will absorb German savings, crippling the economy. If Germany wants to leave the Euro reverting to the Deutschmark, it would suffer losses equivalent to its existing exposure as other European countries are unlikely to be able to settle their liabilities.There are also real economy effects. Austerity or default will force many European economies into recession for a prolonged period. German exports will be affected given Europe is around 60% its market, including around 40% within the Euro-Zone. In case of a break-up of the Euro, estimates of German growth range from -1% to over -10%. It is worth remembering that the German economy fell in size by around 5% in 2008, the worst result since the Second World War, mainly on the back of declining exports.Defaults or partial break-up of the Euro would also leave German banks with significant losses, potentially necessitating state support. This would further increase the State’s liabilities.In the case of integration or partial solutions, the effects on Germany may be cushioned by the weakness of the Euro, which will maintain export competitiveness. But defaults and a break-up of the Euro will result in an increase in the value of the Euro, at least in the short term, undermining German exports.Germany is being pressured to boost its own economic growth to assist the rest of Europe. This would force it to run budget deficits and increase its own debt. Higher wage rises would increase costs, undermining its international competitiveness. Higher consumption would also reduce the saving pool needed to finance itself, fund its banks and supply capital to the rest of Europe.In the past, Germany has resisted efforts to incur fiscal deficits and increase domestic consumption to inflate the economy. The principles of thrift, prudence, a strong currency and a distrust of finance, often associated with the Swabian haus frau, are deeply embedded in the nation’s DNA.Germany’s problems are likely to be compounded by a slow down in emerging markets. Recent German growth has relied on Asia, Eastern Europe and Brazil. German carmaker VW sell more cars in China than in Germany. Emerging market demand for high tech industrial machinery has helped German exports.Germany negotiating position is weak. For example, Greece owes about Euro 400 billion to private bondholders but increasingly to public bodies, such as the IMF and ECB, mainly due to the bailouts. If Greece walks away as some political parties have threatened, then the fallout for the lenders, such as Germany, are potentially calamitous.Doubling the Losses…In 1999, Finance Minister Theo Waigel proclaimed that the Euro would be like the German Deutschemark it was replacing. In his bookFat Years: Why Germany Has a Brilliant Future (co-authored with journalist Dirk Heilmann), Waigel predicted that Germany would become the world’s richest country as measured by income per head by 2030.Now, the entire project faces an unimagined crisis. As Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, a former Italian ECB executive board member, observed: “The assumption was … that there would be no crises.”As anti-austerity parties gain support in the rest of Europe, German willingness to finance further bailouts is diminishing. Increasingly, Germans fear an unending commitment to preserve the common currency and the Euro-Zone. The resentment is evident in a headline in the popular tabloid Bild: “Sell your islands, you bankrupt Greeks. And the Acropolis while you’re at it”. But it may be too late.Germany’s attempt to balance the benefits of the single currency and the advantages of preserving the Euro-Zone against its traditional preference for fiscal and monetary conservatism has failed, leaving the nation with severe financial problems which will curtail future growth. The size of the exposure is large, both in relation to Germany’s GDP of around Euro 2.5 trillion and German household assets which are estimated at Euro 4.7 trillion.German citizens will have to pay twice for the Euro. In the early 2000s, they paid through internal devaluation – reductions in real wages, unemployment and labour market reforms. Now, they will have to pay for the bailouts. Once the artificial boom ends, voters will discover they were betrayed by Germany’s pro-European political elite. There will be an electoral revolt and, as in the rest of Europe, a strong challenge from radical political forces with unpredictable consequences.Germany’s history is one of monumental reverses and extremes. In his 1901 novel Buddenbrooks, about a well-to-do North Germany family whose fortunes are in decline, Thomas Mann anticipated the present situation: “I know that the outwards, visible and tangible signs and symbols of happiness and achievement often only appear when in reality everything is already starting to go downhill again.The outer signs take time to arrive – like the light of a star which shines most brightly when it is on the way to being extinguished, or maybe has already gone out”.As Friedrich Nietzsche knew: “…hope is the worst of all evils, because it prolongs man’s torments.” Germany may not, as widely assumed, offer a safe haven in the European debt crisis.
The TARGET2 circle of lifeKostas Kalevras, who diligently watches central banks, today observed an increase in Bank of Spain's TARGET2 liability for the month of May. In fact this number has been climbing every month for the past year.Bank of Spain TARGET2 liabilityThere are multiple questions that keep coming up on this topic as we see these balances grow. It's worth addressing two of them here.1. How is it that TARGET2 continues to grow so rapidly even after the LTRO program? The answer is that depositors in Spain are moving money out of Spanish banks, while Spanish banks in turn replace their deposit funding with the MRO short-term funds from the central bank (Bank of Spain). The central bank provides this MRO loan by crediting the Spanish bank and debiting the Eurosystem (increasing the MRO on the asset side, offset by TARGET2 increase on the liability side). And so goes the TARGET2 "circle of life" - see the diagram below. If it turns counterclockwise, the Bank of Spain TARGET2 liabilities rise. If the flow changes direction, the liabilities fall.2. Who cares? Why do these balances matter at all? The best way to answer this is to address some of Felix Salmon's commentary called Don’t worry about Target2 (ht Advisor Overheard). Certainly a Greek exit would be small enough not to worry about at all. Greece has a negative Target2 balance of about €100 billion. What that means is that Greek banks owe the Bank of Greece €100 billion, which is fully collateralized; and that in turn the Bank of Greece owes the ECB €100 billion on an unsecured basis. If Greece were to chaotically devalue and default, then it’s entirely reasonable to assume that the Bank of Greece would default on those obligations to the ECB, and would keep the Greek banks’ collateral for itself, to help prop up as much as possible the nascent drachma.This description of the Bank of Greece exit form the Eurosystem is quite accurate. And the Eurosystem would indeed absorb this loss fairly easily. Nevertheless it is a loss. In the Eurozone, just as it is in the US, the central bank profits go back to the central governments - every year. This loss due to Greece would offset the profits and the central governments (and the taxpayers) would certainly feel it. (Of course there would be other much bigger losses from "Grexit".)Now if Bank of Spain were to exit the Eurosystem, that loss becomes more than three times as much (as shown in the first chart above). Italy's exit would be even larger. Central banks can of course continue to operate with a large loss. As Felix points out they are central banks, so they can't officially go broke. But that lost money would need to be recovered before central banks pay "dividends" to their governments again. So the taxpayer will feel that loss for years to come (or in one shot, should the governments choose to recapitalize the central banks.) With enough central banks exiting, the remaining Eurosystem will end up operating with negative equity - and it can certainly do that indefinitely. But ultimately the taxpayer gets hurt.As an example consider why the Fed is so concerned about having Maiden Lane loans repaid to it as quickly as possible. Clearly the Fed can take this loss and not go broke - the central bank can just go on functioning with smaller equity capital. But it doesn't want to take a loss because ultimately it's the US Treasury that will get hurt by having to recapitalize the Fed or via the reduction in the income the Fed is paying out.Because the Eurosystem can "print money" some argue it can effectively "recapitalize itself". There is simply no mechanism for that. The ECB can buy assets with printed money (QE), but that will cause it to grow its balance sheet, NOT increase its capital base (equity).Felix argues that in case of the euro breakup, Bundesbank will start fresh with the deutsche mark. It would expand the money supply, somehow recapitalize itself, and the taxpayers wouldn't be responsible for the TARGET2 loss. But remember the "circle of life" above. Right now Germany owes a great deal of money to those Spanish (and other foreign) depositors. And the Eurosystem owes Germany some trillion euros - much of it generated by those same deposits. If Germany were to lose what it expects from the Eurosystem, it is a real reduction in the wealth of that country - no matter how many deutsche marks it prints.A default on TARGET2 is a loss to the creditor nation even if the legal creditor is a central bank. And when one nation defaults to another, the pain is spread to the citizens, whether the default is on bonds, loans, or TARGET2 liabilities.
Bueno, es que España es desde que yo lo conozco el país del blandenguismo y el "nunca pasa nada". Parece que ser estricto está mal visto, te convierte en un ogro, o borde, o peor: del norte de Europa. Sí, esos a quienes tanto envidiamos el nivel de vida son a los que luego nos da reparo evitar, porque como somos tan buenrrollistas.Hay, creo, una variante: el "cómo vamos a hacerle esto a él, si es de los nuestros", y aquí "los nuestros" no es sólamente la Casta, sino cualquier subgrupo corporativizado de los muchos que abundan en España.Y ahora se escandalizará la gente porque no se asuman responsabilidades. ¡Si hemos erosionado la noción de responsabilidad a conciencia!
Cita de: dmar en Junio 15, 2012, 09:09:22 amBueno, es que España es desde que yo lo conozco el país del blandenguismo y el "nunca pasa nada". Parece que ser estricto está mal visto, te convierte en un ogro, o borde, o peor: del norte de Europa. Sí, esos a quienes tanto envidiamos el nivel de vida son a los que luego nos da reparo evitar, porque como somos tan buenrrollistas.Hay, creo, una variante: el "cómo vamos a hacerle esto a él, si es de los nuestros", y aquí "los nuestros" no es sólamente la Casta, sino cualquier subgrupo corporativizado de los muchos que abundan en España.Y ahora se escandalizará la gente porque no se asuman responsabilidades. ¡Si hemos erosionado la noción de responsabilidad a conciencia!Como diría ppcc, "hay burbujas de ricos y burbujas de pobres", lo cual es extensivo a los espírítus, que más que pobreza, aquí muestran paupérrima miseria; obviamente, también en lo moral.Absorvemos lo peor de lo católico y lo peor de lo protestante. Tampoco somos propiamente ni liberales ni socialistas. Sólo individualistas chorizos que renegamos de lo mejor de nosotros mismos.
El Gobierno británico y el Banco de Inglaterra han anunciado un plan conjunto para estimular la economía que incluirá un mecanismo para facilitar crédito barato a los bancos y que estos, a su vez, concendan préstamos a las familias y las empresas. Esta fórmula denominada "financiar para prestar" se activará en unas semanas y pondrá en el mercado al menos 80.000 millones de libras (98.500 millones de euros).La condición con la que se proporcionará a los bancos esos créditos a bajo interés es que se destinen a conceder préstamos e hipotecas al sector privado.Además, el instituto emisor británico activará otro plan de emergencia que proporcionará liquidez a los bancos durante seis meses en tramos de al menos 5.000 millones de libras mensuales.El ministro británico de Economía, George Osborne, y el gobernador del Banco de Inglaterra, Mervyn King, dieron a conocer en la noche del jueves este programa para responder a un deterioro de las perspectivas económicas a causa de la crisis en la zona euro.En su intervención en la cena anual que ofrece la Alcaldía de la City (centro financiero de Londres), Osborne ha advertido que, en la actualidad, la zona euro se enfrenta a la situación más difícil desde la II Guerra Mundial.Ha señalado la crisis en la zona euro amenaza con desencadenar una crisis del crédito en Reino Unido y un aumento de los tipos de interés, que están en el nivel histórico del 0,5%.Estos paquetes de estímulo pueden "apoyar el flujo de crédito donde la economía lo necesita. No somos impotentes ante la 'tormenta de la deuda' en la zona euro", por lo que el Gobierno "defenderá nuestra economía de la crisis" europea, ha dicho Osborne."El Gobierno, con la ayuda del Banco de Inglaterra, no se quedará a un lado sin hacer nada mientras hay tormenta", ha agregado.Ya se han inyectado más de 400.000 millones de eurosEn su opinión, las cosas en la zona euro pueden empeorar antes de que mejoren. Osborne ha reiterado que una eventual salida de Grecia del euro puede impulsar a otros miembros de la moneda única a tomar medidas para asegurar que la moneda única pueda sobrevivir.Por su parte, King ha admitido que la crisis en la zona euro ha creado una "gran nube negra de incertidumbre" sobre la economía global, una situación que ha llevado a empresas y hogares a recortar el gasto.Hay señales de una desaceleración económica en países como China, India y otras economías emergentes, por lo que es necesario tomar medidas, ha explicado King al justificar el plan.El Banco de Inglaterra mantiene bajos los tipos y ha inyectado en la economía unos 325.000 millones de libras (más de 400.000 millones de euros) como parte de su programa llamado de "alivio cuantitativo". Con ese programa, puesto en marcha en 2009 a raíz de la crisis crediticia mundial, la entidad emisora adquiere activos públicos y privados con el fin de inyectar dinero en la economía y reactivar el mercado de crédito.Reino Unido está actualmente sumergido en su segunda recesión desde 2008, con una caída del PIB del 0,2% en el primer trimestre de este año, que se sumó a una contracción del 0,3% a finales de 2011.
¿Por qué el coste de los CDS aumenta con el numero de contratantes? Es bastante simple: En caso de "accidente" (siguiendo con la imagen del coche) hay que indemnizar a mas "victimas" por el mismo accidente. ¿Qué locura verdad?